Kekkaku : [Tuberculosis]
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Kekkaku : [Tuberculosis] · Jun 2005
Historical Article[Tuberculosis and its control--lessons from the past and future prospect].
Koch R reported the discovery of tubercle bacilli on March 24, 1882, and the numbers of death from phthisis were collected in the vital statistics from the latter half of 1883 in Japan. Tuberculosis death was officially adopted in the Japanese vital statistics from 1899, and there was certain disagreement existed between the numbers of death from TB and phthisis in 1899, the analysis on the trend of TB in Japan was done based on TB death. Trend of TB in Japan in the past 100 years could be divided into five phases. ⋯ This new drug is now on the clinical trial phase II, and it is hoped that Japan can make another great contribution to the global TB control. It is my sincere wish that the government continues to assist the research to develop new TB drugs and new technologies used in TB control, and in future, if it is needed to change the current policy of TB control, a new policy should be tried in a pilot area before its introduction on national level. The Japanese Society for TB is a key organization in developing further research and the training of new personnel engaging in TB research and control, and I sincerely hope further development of the Society.
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Kekkaku : [Tuberculosis] · Feb 2005
Review[How to cope with the global tuberculosis burden--experiences and perspectives for Japan's international cooperation].
Tuberculosis is a global burden disease, most possibly ranking high among diseases over the coming several decades, with 2 million deaths and over 8 million new cases annually. How can TB be controlled and eradicated quickly in the world? A major answer will be the wider application of the most effective control programme, i.e. DOTS recommended by WHO. ⋯ Staff members of NTP and local/ peripheral workers participate in the trials and discuss actively in the workshops periodically. This PAR approach empowers both NTP managers and peripheral staff. Through the international cooperation, we aim ultimately at 1) support for self-reliance, 2) empowerment (capacity building for problem finding and solution) of the people concerned, and 3) promotion of global peace without arms.
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Kekkaku : [Tuberculosis] · Jan 2005
Case Reports[An adult case of cervico-mediastinal lymph nodes tuberculosis followed by the development of pulmonary lesions during the treatment with antituberculous drugs].
A 27-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to a painful mass in the right neck and fever. Cervical and superior mediastinal computed tomography showed an enlargement of right supraclavicular lymph node and multiple swollen mediastinal lymph nodes, including low-density areas and contrast medium-enhanced septa and margins. Smears of the pus obtained from right supraclavicular lymph node showed acidfast bacilli identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR method. ⋯ Microscopic examination of the specimen obtained by transbrochial biopsy revealed many epithelioid cell granulomas, consistent with tuberculosis. From these findings, pulmonary lesion was suggested to be due to invasion of the mediastinal lymph node into the bronchus. After one year of antituberculous chemotherapy, the swelling of the cervical-mediastinal lymph nodes was reduced and the abnormal chest X-ray shadows disappeared.
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Kekkaku : [Tuberculosis] · Dec 2004
Review[Clinical study on development of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease].
DEVELOPEMENT OF MAC LUNG DISEASE: An increase of nodular bronchiectatic type of MAC lung disease becomes a problem among respiratory physician today. The reason is still unknown, but it seems to be globally recognized that this type of MAC disease is developing particularly in middle-aged woman. Some papers mentioned the existence of such type of MAC lung disease already early in the 70s, in Japan. ⋯ The survival medium value was 7332 days. The prognosis of nodular bronchiectatic type was better than that of post-tuberculosis type. Extent of disease measured by chest X-ray examination at the time of first visit may be a most affecting factor to the survival rate.
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The 1951 Tuberculosis Control Law of Japan is now faced with tremendous changes that have occurred during the last 50 years in tuberculosis epidemiology and in the environment in tuberculosis control implementation. The law is also challenged with the shift of the paradigm for the National Tuberculosis (TB) Programme. In order to respond properly to these changes, the Tuberculosis Panel of the Health Science Council of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare submitted its report for the amendment of the law in March 2002. ⋯ Prefectural TB Control Plan: In order to resolve the problems specific to the respective prefectures in terms of epidemiological parameters or available resources, the new Law requests every prefecture to develop its own TB control plan. In order for the new TB Control Law to be effective, strong government commitment supported by technological innovation is mandatory. It is for that reason that the Japanese Society of Tuberculosis should aggressively join the global movement to stop TB along with the general public of Japan.