Journal of neurology
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Journal of neurology · Dec 2019
Frequency, aetiology, and impact of vestibular symptoms in the emergency department: a neglected red flag.
We aimed to determine the incidence of all vestibular symptoms in a large interdisciplinary tertiary emergency department (ED) and to assess stroke prevalence, and frequency of other life-threatening aetiologies. ⋯ Frequency and impact of vestibular symptoms in patients visiting the ED were higher than previously reported, and life-threatening aetiologies such as strokes are common. Therefore, awareness among physicians regarding the importance of vestibular symptoms has to be improved.
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Journal of neurology · Oct 2019
Differential diagnosis of peripheral facial nerve palsy: a retrospective clinical, MRI and CSF-based study.
Facial nerve palsy is the most common cranial nerve disorder. There is no consensus on a single diagnostic tool deemed as the 'gold standard' for distinguishing between idiopathic (Bell's palsy) and symptomatic causes. The diagnosis is one of exclusion and most often made on physical examination. In the present study, we describe the etiological background of peripheral facial palsy in N = 509 patients and evaluate the relevance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differential diagnosis. ⋯ Although peripheral facial palsy was predominantly idiopathic (75.3%) in our cohort, the disease was caused in approximately 25% of the patients by factors which require specific treatment. In the present study, CSF analysis proved to be the leading method for the diagnosis of Ramsay-Hunt-Syndrome, Lyme Neuroborreliosis, and other CNS infections. These subgroups made up approximately 15% of our cohort. To detect these subgroups reliably, routine use of CSF analysis in peripheral facial palsy may be advisable, whereas MRI proved to be useful for exclusion of otogenic and neoplastic processes with a sensitivity of 83% and 88%. We found that the use of MRI with contrast-enhancing compounds does not provide additional diagnostic information on the day of hospital admission. Hence, the potential benefits of routine use of MRI in patients with facial nerve palsy should be weighed against health care cost factors.
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Journal of neurology · Oct 2019
Multicenter Study Observational StudyStructural integrity in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease based on multicenter diffusion tensor imaging.
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) can represent a preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could aid an early diagnosis, yet only few monocentric DTI studies in SCD have been conducted, reporting heterogeneous results. We investigated microstructural changes in SCD in a larger, multicentric cohort. ⋯ DTI revealed subtle WM alterations in SCD that were intermediate between those in MCI and CON and may be useful to detect individuals with an increased risk for AD in clinical studies.
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Journal of neurology · Sep 2019
Observational StudyMotor and non-motor outcomes in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease treated with levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel: final results of the GREENFIELD observational study.
The GREENFIELD observational study assessed the effect of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) on motor and non-motor symptoms, and the related impact on patient quality of life and caregiver burden up to 8 years. ⋯ The results of this study support the long-term efficacy of LCIG on PD symptoms as well as on activities of daily living. The adverse events were consistent with the established LCIG safety profile.
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Journal of neurology · Sep 2019
Comparative StudyComparison of high-frequency and ultrahigh-frequency probes in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS 18-20 MHz) performed on patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) shows a focal enlargement, particularly in the proximal segments of upper-arm motor nerves. Ultrahigh frequency ultrasound (UHFUS 30-70 MHz), having a higher spatial resolution, enables a better characterization of nerve structures. The aim of this study was to compare the two ultrasound probes in the evaluation of motor nerve characteristics in CIDP patients. ⋯ Ultrasound evaluation could become an adjunctive diagnostic tool for CIDP. Further studies are needed to validate the examined parameters as biomarkers for the evaluation and follow-up of CIDP patients.