The Urologic clinics of North America
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Urol. Clin. North Am. · Feb 2020
ReviewSalvage Therapy for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Novel Intravesical Agents.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-refractory high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer remains a challenging problem. Radical cystectomy is standard of care, but carries significant morbidity. ⋯ These include novel combinations of existing intravesical agents, novel modes of delivery such as hyperthermia, viral mediated therapies, and immunotherapy. We review the need for novel treatment with existing agents and their long-term results, and discuss novel intravesical therapies and the data currently available on these therapies.