A & A case reports
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Anesthetic management of the conjoined twins in the radiology suite presents some unique problems for anesthesia. We report a case of 3-month and 10-day-old xiphopagus twins undergoing computed tomography scan under general anesthesia. The issues in their management in radiology included the unknown effects of anesthetic agents on circulation because of sharing of organs, duplication of staff, equipment in a limited space, placing the children on the scan table, airway control and ventilator management, and changeover of equipment during procedure.
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Case Reports
Airway Management and Definitive Care of a Toddler Following Impalement Injury by a Metal Straw.
Although pediatric trauma benefits from specialized pediatric care, at times, nonpediatric centers are required to provide initial management. In this unusual airway impalement injury, the combination of smooth coordination between emergency medicine and anesthesia, an articulated airway strategy, parental involvement, and clear, calm teamwork maximized patient safety during airway securement and transfer for definitive care. The airway strategy included the anticipation that the first attempt at endotracheal intubation may not be successful and the need to keep the "auditory space" clear. Public health warnings regarding the hazards of noncollapsible straws in the pediatric population should perhaps be considered.
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We encountered difficulty in inserting a 32-Fr left double-lumen tube (DLT) in a small 75-year-old Japanese woman (height, 144 cm). The 32-Fr DLT with 10.1 × 11.2-mm tracheal diameter could not pass through the cricoid cartilage with a 9.2-mm transverse inner width. The transverse inner width of the cricoid cartilage, in addition to the tracheal and bronchial diameter, can be measured using computed tomography or ultrasonography in small women. Thus, a 28-Fr DLT or single-lumen tube and a blocker can be selected instead of a 32-Fr DLT when the width of the cricoid cartilage is <10 mm.
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Sphincter of Oddi spasm from opioids has been documented, presenting as severe epigastric pain and potentially overlooked in a differential diagnosis. We present a case of sphincter of Oddi spasm from periarticular morphine in a patient under spinal anesthesia, causing severe distress and treated effectively with glucagon. It is important for anesthesiologists using opioids to consider it as a cause of perioperative pain and be familiar with treatment as it may be refractory by conventional use of opioids for pain relief. It is also important to consider the systemic effects of periarticular absorption, as evident by our case.
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The maternal mortality rate for parturients with severe pulmonary hypertension is 30% to 50%. General, epidural, and combined low-dose spinal-epidural anesthesia have been used successfully for cesarean deliveries in patients with pulmonary hypertension. We describe a cesarean delivery performed using an intrathecal catheter in a 25-year-old morbidly obese (body mass index, 82 kg/m) woman (gravida 3, para 2 at 32 weeks of gestation) who had severe pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular failure, pulmonary emboli, and obstructive sleep apnea. We discuss the anesthetic considerations for parturients with severe pulmonary hypertension undergoing cesarean delivery including the selection of anesthetic technique, vasopressors, and uterotonic agents.