Primary care
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output over hours to days. A thorough history and physical examination can help categorize the underlying cause as prerenal, intrinsic renal, or postrenal. ⋯ Even one episode of AKI increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and death. Therefore, early determination of etiology, management, and long-term follow-up of AKI are essential.