Primary care
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Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease is an inherited multisystemic disorder of the renal tubules with subsequent formation of multiple cysts and enlargement of the kidney, affecting various organs. Diagnosis is initially suspected in those with family history and/or individuals who develop hypertension early on (secondary hypertension) or certain symptoms. Renal function is initially preserved for years secondary to compensatory mechanisms. ⋯ The disease course is variable, but patients often progress to end-stage renal failure by age 60. There is no known cure, however, risk factor modification at early stages is critical. Renal transplant is the optimal treatment in ESRD.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output over hours to days. A thorough history and physical examination can help categorize the underlying cause as prerenal, intrinsic renal, or postrenal. ⋯ Even one episode of AKI increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and death. Therefore, early determination of etiology, management, and long-term follow-up of AKI are essential.