Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
-
Critically ill patients are hypermetabolic and have increased nutrient requirements. Although it is assumed that nutritional support is beneficial in this group of patients there are no well designed clinical trials to test this hypothesis. The rationale for nutritional support, therefore, is based upon clinical judgement. ⋯ Calorie intake was shown to be often considerably in excess of metabolic requirements alone, and variable study design has made comparisons impossible. Despite the lack of knowledge regarding even the most simple of nutritional requirements in these patients, the administration of specific micronutrients and specialised supplements has attracted attention. Again, many of these more recent studies are limited because of poor study design.
-
J R Coll Surg Edinb · Aug 2000
Case ReportsSpontaneous rupture of the inferior vena cava: case report and literature review.
Spontaneous rupture of the inferior vena cava is a rare clinical entity. Diagnosis of this condition, in the absence of any relevant history, is usually made at laparotomy. ⋯ We report a case of spontaneous rupture of the inferior vena cava which was diagnosed following laparotomy for hypovolaemia and acute abdominal pain. This case highlights the fact that spontaneous rupture of the inferior vena cava may be a cause of massive intra-abdominal bleeding not associated with trauma or rupture of the abdominal aorta.
-
J R Coll Surg Edinb · Jun 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThoracoscopy versus open lung biopsy in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease: a randomised controlled trial.
Some patients with diffuse lung disease require a lung biopsy for diagnosis. This study is aimed to compare the clinical results and the efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy with the open lung biopsy method for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. From January 1996 to December 1998, 61 patients were referred for diagnostic lung biopsy. Thirty two patients were randomly allocated to have a thoracoscopic lung biopsy and twenty nine had an open lung biopsy. Subsequently, various factors were analyzed and compared in both groups. ⋯ Thoracoscopic lung biopsy has some clinical advantages over open biopsy. These findings suggest that thoracoscopic lung biopsy is an acceptable alternative to open lung biopsy for the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung diseases.
-
Sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome are common and represent a major factor in morbidity and mortality in intensive care units and the critically ill. The pathogenesis of these syndromes is becoming increasingly understood and it is hoped that this will result in improved outcome. However, novel treatments have so far failed to live up to the expectations following extensive and promising in vitro and in vivo animal studies. The aim of this review is to detail the currently used definitions of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis and septic shock and to present an overview of our current understanding of the pathophysiology which underline these conditions.