Aerospace medicine and human performance
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Nolan CF. You're the flight surgeon: scarlet fever. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(2):139-143.
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Aerosp Med Hum Perform · Jan 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialPrecooling, Exertional Heatstroke Risk Factors, and Postexercise Cooling Rates.
Precooling (PC) before exercise may help prevent severe hyperthermia and exertional heatstroke (EHS). Before clinicians can advocate PC as an EHS prevention strategy, it must effectively mitigate factors associated with EHS development while not lessening the effectiveness of EHS treatment. Therefore, this study determined if PC affected rectal temperature (Trec), body heat storage, heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, sweat rate, and postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) Trec cooling rates. ⋯ PC lowered body heat storage and Trec by 15.7 ± 15.0 W · m-2 and 0.42 ± 0.40°C, respectively, before exercise. Subjects exercised significantly longer (PC = 66.7 ± 16.3 min, CON = 45.7 ± 9.5 min) and at lower Trec (∼0.5 ± 0.5°C) and HR (∼10 ± 7 bpm) following PC. PC significantly lowered sweat rate (PC = 1.02 ± 0.31 L · h-1, CON = 1.22 ± 0.39 L · h-1), but did not affect RPE or CWI cooling rates (PC = 0.18 ± 0.14°C · min-1; CON = 0.19 ± 0.05°C · min-1). Thermal sensation significantly differed between conditions only at pre-exercise (PC = 3 ± 1, CON = 5 ± 0.5).DISCUSSION: PC delayed severe hyperthermia and mitigated dehydration without affecting thermal perception or cooling rates posthyperthermia. PC may help prevent dangerous hyperthermia in athletes.Wohlfert TM, Miller KC. Precooling, exertional heatstroke risk factors, and postexercise cooling rates. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):12-17.
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Aerosp Med Hum Perform · Dec 2018
ReviewFracture Risk in Spaceflight and Potential Treatment Options.
A literature search was conducted on current fracture risk predictive models and suggestions for treatment. ⋯ In conclusion, the best strategy for mitigating musculoskeletal injuries for deep-space missions will be a combination of BMD loss reduction coupled with improvements in management protocols for potential fractures.Swaffield TP, Neviaser AS, Lehnhardt K. Fracture risk in spaceflight and potential treatment options. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(12):1060-1067.
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INTRODUCTION: Government space agencies and commercial spaceflight companies are seeking to expand human space exploration. Spaceflight can place considerable psychological stressors on humans, yet policies to support behavioral health in human spaceflight are still in their nascent stages. This article reviews international and domestic space policy relevant to behavioral health, as well as existing gaps in policy frameworks regarding the behavioral health of spaceflight crew and passengers. ⋯ Morris NP. Behavioral health policy for human spaceflight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(12):1068-1075.
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Aerosp Med Hum Perform · Jul 2018
Recurrent On-Duty Sleepiness and Alertness Management Strategies in Long-Haul Airline Pilots.
We examined whether long-haul airline pilots without recurrent on-duty sleepiness obtain more prior sleep and use more effective in-flight alertness management strategies than their colleagues with recurrent on-duty sleepiness. ⋯ The study demonstrates that pilots without recurrent on-duty sleepiness obtain more sleep than their colleagues with recurrent on-duty sleepiness. The result emphasizes the need to investigate whether the sleep of recurrently sleepy pilots can be increased and whether this increase would reduce their on-duty sleepiness.Sallinen M, Åkerstedt T, Härmä M, Henelius A, Ketola K, Leinikka M, Kecklund G, Sihvola M, Tuori A, Virkkala J, Puttonen S. Recurrent on-duty sleepiness and alertness management strategies in long-haul airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(7):601-608.