Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia
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G Ital Med Lav Ergon · Oct 2004
Comparative Study[Indoor air quality and occupational health, past and present].
The expression "indoor pollution" of residential, office and public buildings appeared for the first time in western societies toward the end of the '60s to indicate a complex phenomenon as important to public health as that of the "outdoor air pollution" or even more so. The demonstration of the toxic effects of passive smoking, radon, and other chemical and biological pollutants present in office and residential environments has prompted a wide spectrum of research into health risks, has led to position-taking by national and international authorities, and has given rise to a new scientific multi-disciplinary field of research, with respective international associations, scientific journals, and international conferences attended by thousands of participants. In Italy, since 1988, several scientific conferences have been organised and these have led to institutional initiatives such as the Commission set up in 1990 by the Italian Environment Ministry and the Commission set up in 1998 by the Italian Ministry of Health. ⋯ These working environments are believed to be healthy and lacking in specific health risk factors, but such a belief is often only the result of the limited knowledge that employers, workers and the physicians themselves have about these environments and the results of international research studies over the last forty years. This issue is surely at the centre of the interest of our discipline and of public health throughout the developed western world and represents an ongoing challenge for the occupational physician, with new research topics and new problems to deal with. Recent issues include SARS and the defence of buildings and the air of working environments against terrorism attacks, such as the use of anthrax dust.
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Implementation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in workplace can help to revive victims of sudden cardiac arrest. The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, the American Heart Association have all issued guidelines for medical management of AED programs. The School of Occupational Health-University of Bari--is currently involved in a programme to be developed with the regional 118 emergency team and the Health Department of Region Apulia aiming at establishing a well controlled use of AED in the workplace.
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G Ital Med Lav Ergon · Jul 2003
[Occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics: 10 years of measurements at hospitals in Puglia].
The Authors provide the data gathered from measurements of nitrous oxide in the operating room of Puglia during the period between 1993 and 2003. They prove significant reductions of pollution according with time and they verify lower pollution levels in the operating rooms of private hospitals with respect to public facilities. The importance of the maintenance of gas distribution and evacuation systems is shown and a method of environmental and biological monitoring is provided. Finally, the Authors prove the utility of the graphic representation of the measurements, conduced utilising dedicated instrumentation.
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The close links between environment and health have long been known. The methodological bases for this study were especially developed in the occupational settings, and notably so in the study of occupational carcinogens. ⋯ The methodologies developed in the occupational settings proved extremely useful in addressing these new environmental problems. Main experiences in Italy include the study of a large residential population exposed to dioxin; the study of benzene and PHA's exposure in the city environment; the effect of point industrial pollution sources on the surrounding territory; the short and long term effect on respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes and functions after exposure to PM10 and 2.5 in large cities.
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We considered data of samples collected in the period 1994-2001 in 83 operating rooms of 13 different public and private hospitals in Veneto Region. The anaestetic gases more used in operating rooms were nitrous oxide, isoflurane and, more recently, sevflurane. The mostly polluted positions were those in proximity of anaesthesiologic devices; the gases average concentrations were low in all hospitals examined, although some operating rooms demonstrated concentrations of anasthetic gases exceeding limit values. Lastly, the professional figures had different exposure to the various anaesthetic gases.