Pediatric research
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Comparative Study
Head-to-head comparison of single-breath and tidal-breath exhaled nitric oxide measurements.
Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is an endogenous gas involved in airway pathophysiology and is determined in orally exhaled air by various techniques. However, traditional single-breath technique (eNO(SB)) requires active cooperation and is not always easily practicable (especially in young children); simpler techniques including tidal breathing measurements (eNO(TB)) are not standardized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible correlation and correspondence between eNO(SB) and eNO(TB) and the impact of potential confounders in children with chronic adenotonsillar disease. ⋯ eNO(TB) is not a good predictor of eNO(SB) in children. Constant-flow eNO(SB) is the technique of choice for eNO assessment in young children.
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Current tools to predict the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection might be improved by including immunological parameters. We hypothesized that a combination of inflammatory markers would differentiate between severe and mild disease in RSV-infected children. ⋯ This study demonstrates that the combination of CD4+ T-cell counts and IL-8 and CCL-5 plasma concentrations correlates with disease severity in RSV-infected children. In addition to clinical features, these immunological markers may be used to assess severity of RSV infection and guide clinical management.
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Comparative Study
Brain inflammation induced by severe asphyxia in newborn pigs and the impact of alternative resuscitation strategies on the newborn central nervous system.
We compared the current guidelines for neonatal resuscitation with alternative measures and aimed to find out whether this modulated brain inflammation. ⋯ With respect to signs of brain inflammation, newly born pigs at asystole should be ventilated for longer than 30 s before chest compressions start. C:V ratios of 9:3 and 15:2 as compared with 3:1, or air instead of pure oxygen, did not modulate inflammatory markers.
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Comparative Study
Longitudinal diffusion tensor and manganese-enhanced MRI detect delayed cerebral gray and white matter injury after hypoxia-ischemia and hyperoxia.
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) induces delayed inflammation and long-term gray and white matter brain injury that may be altered by hyperoxia. ⋯ Hyperoxia caused a more severe tissue destruction, delayed irreversible white matter injury, and increased inflammatory response resulting in a worsening in the trajectory of injury after HI in developing gray and white matter.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Phase 1 study of two inodilators in neonates undergoing cardiovascular surgery.
Inodilators are routinely used in cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Information regarding safety and tolerability of the novel molecule, levosimendan (LEVO), in newborns is anecdotal; no pharmacokinetic data in this population are available. ⋯ LEVO is well tolerated in critically ill neonates. LEVO may have advantages over MR in terms of the dosing regimen.