Pediatric research
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As compared with constant respiratory rate (RR) and tidal volume (V(T)) during controlled conventional mechanical ventilation (CV), variable ventilation (VV) using the same breath-to-breath minute volume but variable V(T) and RRs enhances ventilation efficiency in preterm lambs. We hypothesized that if V(T) was adjusted to target permissive hypercarbia, VV would result in more efficient gas exchange without increasing inflammatory and injurious responses in the lung. ⋯ VV improves ventilation efficiency and in vivo lung compliance in the ovine preterm lung without increasing lung inflammation or lung injury.
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During extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), circulation of blood across synthetic surfaces triggers an inflammatory response. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) to remove cytokines and reduce the inflammatory response in a piglet hemorrhage-reperfusion ECMO model. ⋯ Data suggest CRRT may decrease inflammatory cytokine levels during the initial phase of ECMO therapy following hemorrhage-reperfusion while maintaining cardiac output and oxygen utilization.
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Severe brain injury induced by neonatal stroke causes significant mortality and disability, and effective therapies are currently lacking. We hypothesized that human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can attenuate severe brain injury induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rat pups. ⋯ These results suggest that human UCB-derived MSCs are a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of severe perinatal brain injury including neonatal stroke.
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Comparative Study
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist improves patient–ventilator interaction in infants as compared with conventional ventilation.
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of ventilation controlled by the electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi). The aim was to evaluate patient-ventilator interaction in infants during NAVA as compared with conventional ventilation. ⋯ NAVA improves patient-ventilator interaction and delivers adequate ventilation with variable pressure in infants.
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The precise temperature for optimal neuroprotection in infants with neonatal encephalopathy is unclear. Our aim was to assess systemic effects of whole-body cooling to 35 °C, 33.5 °C, and 30 °C in a piglet model of perinatal asphyxia. ⋯ Cooling to 30 °C led to metabolic derangement and more cardiac arrests and deaths than cooling to 33.5 °C or 35 °C. Inadvertent overcooling should be avoided.