F1000Research
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Case Reports
Case Report: Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (Seidlmayer purpura) - a dramatic presentation for a benign disease.
We present a case of an 11-month-old girl who was referred to our unit for an erythematous rash that appeared on the face and extremities. Personal and family history was not relevant. Laboratory tests were normal. ⋯ Skin lesions are erythematous, annular, medallion-like, purpuric plaques that have a rapid onset and appear on the face and extremities, sparing trunk and mucosal membranes. Initially interpreted as a variant of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, now it is considered a distinct disease. In the majority of cases the disease is benign and self-limited without a visceral involvement, so a conservative approach is most often chosen.
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Interest in the mitral valve has increased over the past few years with the development of new technologies that allow intervention in patients previously deemed too ill for treatment. This increased attention has resulted in a significant increase in publications on the mitral valve, the majority of which focus on mitral regurgitation and mitral valve surgery/intervention. The focus of this review is on publications in the past few years that offer additional insights into our understanding and management of mitral valve disease and specifically mitral regurgitation. It will discuss mitral valve anatomy, epidemiology of mitral valve disease, changes in the 2017 management guidelines, management of mitral bioprosthetic valves, transcatheter mitral valve procedures and the repair of rheumatic valves.
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The fundamental goal of the growing open science movement is to increase the efficiency of the global scientific community and accelerate progress and discoveries for the common good. Central to this principle is the rapid disclosure of research outputs in open-access peer-reviewed journals and on pre-print servers. ⋯ Here, we highlight the benefits of open lab notebooks to science, society and scientists, and discuss the challenges that this nascent movement is facing. We also present the implementation and progress of our own initiative at openlabnotebooks.org, with more than 20 active contributors after one year of operation.
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Background: E-cigarettes have become the most commonly used tobacco products among youth in the United States (US) recently. It is not clear whether there is a causal relationship between e-cigarette use and the onset of cigarette smoking. The "common liability" theory postulates that the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking can be attributed to a common risk construct of using tobacco products. ⋯ A structural equation modeling approach was used to estimate the relationship between e-cigarette use at wave 1 and the onset of cigarette smoking at wave 2 after controlling for a latent construct representing a "common liability to use tobacco products." Results: After controlling for a latent construct representing a "common liability to use tobacco products", ever e-cigarette use does not predict the onset of cigarette smoking (β=0.13, 95% CI= -0.07, 0.32, p=0.204). The latent "common liability to use tobacco products" is a robust predictor for the onset of cigarette smoking (β=0.38; 95% CI=0.07, 0.69; p=0.015). Conclusions: Findings from this study provide supportive evidence for the 'common liability' underlying observed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking onset.
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Background: India's national tuberculosis (TB) programme recommends that among patients with diabetes mellitus and TB, fasting blood glucose (FBG) be recorded at baseline, the end of intensive phase and the end of continuation phase of TB treatment. We conducted this operational research in select districts of Tamil Nadu, India, in 2016 to determine the availability of blood glucose records and glycemic control status during TB treatment. Methods: This was a descriptive study involving secondary programme data. ⋯ The proportion of patients with unfavourable TB treatment outcomes at the end of intensive phase was 11% (46/438) and at the end of continuation phase was 5% (21/438). We decided against assessing factors associated with glycemic control during TB treatment and association between glycemic control and TB treatment outcomes because glycemic control assessment, if any, was based mostly on RBG values. Conclusion: Among patients with diabetes and tuberculosis, recording of FBG during tuberculosis treatment requires urgent attention.