Psychological reports
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Psychological reports · Apr 2009
Comparative StudyIndividual differences in working memory capacity in recency effects: from the recall process.
The purpose was to investigate the role of individual differences in working memory capacity in recency effects on free, forward, and backward recall tasks. In Exp. 1, correlations between scores on a listening-span test and recall accuracy of recent items were positive and significant under all conditions. ⋯ In Exp. 2, the predictive power of the listening-span test scores was not significant when a delay was introduced between study and recall phases. Analysis suggested participants with a larger working memory capacity, and particularly with higher cognitive function, were sensitive to the recollection process.
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This study among 259 French general practitioners examined how Cherniss's four career orientations, Artisan, Social Activist, Careerist, and Self-investor, as recalled by these physicians, are related to their burnout scores. Data were collected using anonymous questionnaires. ⋯ Those whose career orientation changed to Self-investor reported the highest despersonalization, while those who changed to the Artisan orientation reported the lowest depersonalization. Results are discussed regarding the fit between career orientation and the work setting of general practitioners, a professional group with high burnout.
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Classism, i.e., socioeconomic stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination that college students direct toward their peers, was examined. A sample of 53 undergraduate students (36 women and 17 men), ages 18 to 22 years (M = 19.0, SD = 1.2), were recruited from psychology courses. Utilizing a computer-administered questionnaire, participants were randomly assigned to rate a fictitious student whose family income was specified as among the lowest or highest at the college. ⋯ Lower Income targets were rated as more likable, agreeable, conscientious, intelligent, creative, and better able to maintain close friendships. Research directed toward the middle class could help fill a gap in the classism literature. Research on classism in higher education could clarify this potentially divisive issue among undergraduates.
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Psychological reports · Oct 2008
Psychometric properties of the burden inventory for relatives of persons with psychotic disturbances.
Earlier studies have shown that close relatives are heavily burdened when a family member has schizophrenia. The current purpose was twofold: (1) to examine the psychometric properties for a test of the burden of family members, one used in Swedish clinical practice (the Care Burden Scale for Relatives), and (2) develop a shortened version with the same or better psychometric properties. 99 close relatives, 34 men and 65 women of the same number of patients who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or delusional disorder, completed the Care Burden Scale for Relatives and a visual analog scale measuring perceived global burden on which the total burden was assessed. ⋯ The resulting version, the Burden Inventory for Relatives of persons with psychotic disturbances, showed good psychometric properties which simplifies data collection from relatives of patients with psychotic disturbances. In this study, relatives of those patients not in remission evinced a significantly greater family burden.
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Psychological reports · Oct 2008
Justice, leader-member exchange, and job performance: are their relationships mediated by organizational culture?
The hypothesis that organizational justice is linked to leader-member exchange, which in turn affects job performance, was examined. It was predicted that two dimensions of organizational culture, employee supportiveness and attention to detail, would affect both leader-member exchange and organizational justice. ⋯ Contrary to expectations, however, the two aspects of organizational culture were found to play a mediating role: they were affected by organizational justice and in turn affected leader-member exchange. The theoretical implications of the results are discussed.