Psychological reports
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Psychological reports · Feb 1999
Lifeguards' vigilance: effects of child-adult ratio and lifeguard positioning on scanning by lifeguards.
Observers recorded visual scanning by four lifeguards at three indoor public swimming pools. Scanning increased as a positive function of the ratio of children to adult swimmers, i.e., scanning was greater when the ratio was high, suggesting that lifeguards became more concerned about the risks to children and the ability of nearby adult swimmers to monitor these children when the number of children significantly exceeded the number of adults. ⋯ Lifeguards were more likely to scan a pool area when they were in elevated towers versus standing on the pool decks. Lifeguards' scanning declined later in the day, possibly due to fatigue or because of competing activities of pool maintenance.
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Psychological reports · Dec 1998
Protestant Work Ethic as a moderator of mental and physical well-being.
This study tested hypotheses about effects of the Protestant Work Ethic on mental and physical well-being. The Protestant Work Ethic was expected to enhance mental and physical well-being and buffer response to adverse work conditions. ⋯ General health complaints are partly explained by an interaction between Protestant Work Ethic and Job Richness: when jobs lacked Job Richness, employees with a high Protestant Work Ethic report fewer General Health Complaints than employees with a low Protestant Work Ethic. No interaction effect was found of Protestant Work Ethic for the relationship between Physical Working Conditions and well-being.
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Psychological reports · Dec 1998
Death anxiety, coping resources, and comfort with dying patients among nurses in AIDS care facilities.
437 nursing staff members in seven AIDS residential health care facilities in New York City were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of the Death Anxiety Scale, the Coping Resources Inventory, the Comfort with Dying Patients Scale, and a Demographic Section. 197 usable questionnaires were returned. There were statistically significant racial or ethnic differences in scores on physical coping resources, with African-Americans reporting the fewest resources. ⋯ Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess the interaction of the Nursing group (professional or paraprofessional nurses), Death anxiety, and Coping resources with Comfort with dying patients. There were no statistically significant differences for death anxiety, coping resources, and comfort with dying patients by the Nursing group.
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Psychological reports · Jun 1998
Comparative StudySelf-disclosure, loneliness and four interpersonal targets: friend, group of friends, stranger, and group of strangers.
69 Lonely and 142 Nonlonely undergraduates were compared on self-disclosure to four interpersonal targets, i.e. friend, group of friends, stranger, and group of strangers. The Lonely group were less willing to disclose to all four targets and reported higher frequency and intensity of loneliness-related affects.