Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
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Historical Article
[The beginning of teaching forensic medicine in Russia].
Issues related to the beginning of teaching forensic medicine in Russia, the date of foundation of the first department and the emergence of the first professors of forensic medicine are considered. We studied publications on forensic medicine of the 18th-19th centuries, the work of authoritative researchers in the history of medicine of this period. Study methods: systemic, comparative historical, analytical. ⋯ It was confirmed that the first department of forensic medicine in Russia was the Department of Matter of Medicine and Forensic Medical Science of the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy, formed in 1798. The first head of the department was Professor Johann Ringebroig.
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The features of a gunshot injury arising in the presence of body armor on the injured person are considered. The purpose of the work is to reveal the mechanisms of damage formation during non-penetration of an armored composition, during its penetration, as well as during external or internal rebound. The characteristic of damages arising with this is given. ⋯ With through penetration of body armor, the severity and volume of gunshot damage increase due to the introduction of fragments of bullets, fragments of armored panels and pieces of equipment into the wound channel. Rebounding of elements of dismantled bullets from the outer or inner surface of the body armor can cause severe gunshot damage to both the wearer of body armor and other persons. Knowledge of the mechanisms of formation and morphological features of injuries that occur when using body armor are prerequisites for a full forensic medical assessment of the investigated incident.
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The aim of the work is to study the design features of cartridges with multi shells for a smooth-bore hunting rifle of 12 mm caliber and results of firing these cartridges from various distances. Were revealed the morphological signs and features of injuries to tissue targets hit from a distance of 5-40 m. Was argued a necessity to continue a comprehensive study of the issue with the subsequent development of criteria for differential diagnosis of this type of shot injuries.
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The purpose of the work is to determine the advisability of using a skin-muscle flap as an imitator of a human body under a dense cotton target when modeling gunshot injuries resulting from ricochet of a bullet and buckshot when fired from a smooth-bore weapon through clothing. We conducted a ballistic experiment on the formation of gunshot injuries of dense cotton targets themselves, as well as with the underlying skin-muscle flap, formed when a 12-gauge hunting rifle is shot and the subsequent ricochet of bullets and buckshot. As a result of a comprehensive study, the absence of the effect of the underlying skin-muscle flap on the average values of most parameters of gunshot injuries of non-biological targets (p<0.01) was established. The results can be used in planning and conducting of experimental research in the field of forensic ballistics.
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The purpose of the work is a comparative analysis of objects used in forensic ballistics as imitators of the human body for the formation of gunshot injuries, based on literature data and the results of our own experimental studies. A classification of objects of biological and non-biological origin, used to simulate the human body during the experimental simulation of a gunshot injury, is proposed. A set of advantages and disadvantages was studied, a critical assessment of the objects of each group was given, recommendations were made on their rational use in ballistic research.