Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
-
Comparative Study
[The possibility of forensic medical assessment of the damage to clothes caused by a blank shots with the MP-79-9TM pistol].
The authors undertook an analysis of constructional features of standard blank and non-lethal cartridges for the MP-79-9TM pistol. The composition of gunshot products and the maximum distance over which they propagate have been determined. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of the damage caused to the target cloths (cotton and woolen) by blank rounds shot from different distances. A new chemical method was used for the first time to detect the particles of gunpowder on the victim's cloth; the possibility of its application for differential diagnostics of gunshot damages inflicted by blank and traumatic cartridges affected from different distances was estimated.
-
A method for the three-dimensional modeling is proposed designed to enhance the objective value of situational expert investigations of the mechanism of gunshot wounds. The method was successfully validated in a number of forensic medical situational studies and allowed their objectiveness, demonstrativeness, and evidentiary force to be significantly improved.
-
This paper is devoted to the analysis of expert errors made in the course of implementation of the Medical Criteria for the estimation of the severity of harm to human health. In 2010, the Moscow Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise issued 11 180 primary expert judgments and acts of forensic medical examination of the total number of 26 196 expertises performed (43%). They include 2797 cases of severe harm to health, 2881 cases of moderate and 5502 cases of mild harm to health. ⋯ Fifty four (1%) judgments were recognized to be doubtful. A total of 264 forensic medical expertises were performed by expert commissions during 2010 of which 118 (45%) were designed to estimate the harm to human health. In more than two thirds of the cases, the errors of primary expertise of the severity of harm to human health due to the misapplication of the Medical Criteria were either revised or corrected; the remaining one third of the judgments were left unaltered (i.e. the results of the primary expertise were confirmed).
-
Statistical data on the incidence and spectrum of thrombotic complications presented in this paper are based on the materials collected by the Department of Expertise of Living Subjects, Rostov Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise, during 2004-2010. The cases of interest were analysed by age, sex, time of injury, character of traumatic impact, and time of surgical intervention. It is concluded that such cases require forensic medical expertise by standardized methods.
-
The present paper is focused on the problems of clinical diagnostics of the functional disturbances in the locomotor apparatus as exemplified by the injuries to the ankle joint. The results of analysis of the entire range of up-to-date diagnostic tools for the purpose suggest the necessity of revision of obsolete methodological principles still adopted in forensic medicine as regards the problem being condidered. It is proposed based on the recent progress achieved by the specialists in traumatology, orthopedics, medicosocial expertise, and the related areas that a forensic medical expert should not confine oneself to the consideration of the sole criterion, such as "the range of articular movements", for the estimation of the severity of harm to health in the patients presenting with a joint injury.