Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
-
The author substantiates the necessity to prepare new "Rules for the organization and conduction of forensic biological examination and studies by the State Forensic Examination Boards of the Russian Federation". Their long-term absence of the reviewed document has negatively influenced the quality of work of these facilities. The structure and contents of the three previous versions of the Rules for the study of material evidence (1934, 1956, and 1996) are analysed. The structure of the new variant is designed to optimize the work of forensic medical examination bureaus and the performance of relevant studies.
-
Voluminous materials characterizing activities of forensic biological units of forensic medical bureaus of the Russian Federation for the period from 1980 till 2008 have been collected, summarized, and systematized. The study is the first attempt to analyse the entire scope of work performed by forensic biologists during a large period of time and to estimate the proportion of its constituent components. It revealed long-term dynamics (increase and decrease) of the number of forensic biological studies.
-
This paper is focused on selected problems of postdiploma training of experts for forensic chemical departments of bureaus of forensic medical examination. The main drawbacks of the existing system of advanced education for such specialists are the narrow spectrum of pharmaceutical disciplines and the lack of internship training for future experts for forensic chemical departments. Other interfering factors are conflicting situations arising in the course of forensic chemical examination at bureaus of forensic medical examination and chemical-toxicological investigations carried out in clinical and diagnostic laboratories by specialists having diploma of higher education in pharmacia. It is proposed that a new speciality (forensic toxicology) should be listed in the nomenclature of specialities of workers having higher and postdiploma education in medicine and pharmaceutics, in analogy with the universally accepted world practice.
-
Data on general toxicity of carbon monoxide (CO) are presented with reference to the gender, age, and the degree of alcoholic intoxication of the affected subjects. Threshold values of carboxyhemoglobinemia for clinical and morphological manifestations of alcoholic intoxication were determined. Expert evaluation of CO toxicokinetics in subjects with alcoholic intoxication revealed informative clinical and morphological signs of carbon monoxide poisoning, the basic parameters of carboxyhemoglobin kinetics, and the sequence of CO-induced clinical and morphological changes during alcoholic intoxication. The data obtained permit to exactly determine the specific cause of death from poisoning with carbon monoxide and ethanol.