Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
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Biography Historical Article
[Mariia Antonovna Dal' and the development of the forensic medical service in Leningrad].
This article describes the contribution made by M. A. Dal' to the development of the forensic medical service in Leningrad (presently, Sankt-Peterburg State Health Care Facility "Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination"). The article is published to coincide with the 100th birthday anniversary of one of the most distinguished organizers of forensic medical service in the USSR.
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[Identification of the mode of stab-and-hack wound infliction to the chest based on wound features].
The objective of this study was to obtain morphological characteristics of stab-and-hack wounds inflicted by falling down on the knife blade. A formula is derived based on the results of discrimination analysis that can be used in combination with wound morphological features to differentiate between chest stabbing modes.
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Previous studies have shown that signs of drowning in fresh water are of low diagnostic value. Regardless of the mechanism of drowning death, a certain amount of water enters the blood and somehow changes its composition. The objective of this study was to determine water fractions in the blood of drowned subjects. ⋯ The rise was in the first place attributable to the selective increase of the free water fraction. Changes of water content in the blood were virtually identical in the drowned subjects who died from asphyxia and from aspiration of water. The data obtained in this study may be used as additional diagnostic signs of drowning death.
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The study included two stages. At the first one, it was experimentally established which segments of the upper and lower extremities of the driver and the front-seat passenger experience maximum traumatic stress at the moment offrontal collision between cars. At the second stage, results of forensic medical examination of the bodies of drivers and front-seat passengers who had died in motor-vehicle accidents were used to elucidate certain morphological features of the injured extremities and to clarify their possible mechanism.