Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
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To report the experience of the use of intramuscular (IM) ketamine for endoscopy sedation in children. ⋯ Intramuscular ketamine is an effective medication for sedation in endoscopy undertaken in children over age 7 years, but it should be avoided with children under age 7 because of the high failure rate.
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Comparative Study
Dual chamber cardiac pacing in children: Single chamber pacing dual chamber sensing cardiac pacemaker or dual chamber pacing and sensing cardiac pacemaker?
Dual chamber pacemakers (single chamber pacing dual chamber sensing cardiac pacemaker (VDD) and dual chamber pacing and sensing cardiac pacemaker (DDD)) are being used frequently in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to verify the safety and performance of the VDD and DDD pacing systems, and to evaluate the differences between two pacing modes with regard to atrial sensing and tracking functions. ⋯ Dual chamber pacing in children with DDD or VDD pacemakers is a suitable method for bradycardia treatment. Atrial sensing problems may occur in VDD pacemakers. Therefore, DDD pacing mode should be preferred whenever suitable for the patient to maintain the AV synchrony.
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It is critical to establish a safe and functional i.v. access in severely sick patients. We evaluated the frequency of application and complications of central venous catheters in a pediatric intensive care unit. ⋯ We concluded that subclavian central venous catheterization is a safe procedure with minimal complications in pediatric patients. Arterial injury was the most frequent complication. In experienced hands, the success rate was 100%. Subclavian central venous catheter insertion may be considered as the first approach in critically ill patients.