BJU international
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Multicenter Study
Association of diabetes mellitus and metformin use with oncological outcomes of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
To assess the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and metformin use with prognosis and outcomes of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 1117 patients with NMIBC treated at four institutions between 1996 and 2007. Cox regression models were used to analyse the association of DM and metformin use with disease recurrence, disease progression, cancer-specific mortality and any-cause mortality. ⋯ Patients with DM and NMIBC who do not take metformin seem to be at an increased risk of disease recurrence and progression; metformin use seems to exert a protective effect with regard to disease recurrence. The mechanisms behind the impact of DM on patients with NMIBC and the potential protective effect of metformin need further elucidation.
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Multicenter Study
Clinical and sonographic features predict testicular torsion in children: a prospective study.
To test the clinical and sonographic predictors of testicular torsion (TT) with the aim of reducing negative exploration rates. ⋯ It is safe to refrain from routine surgical exploration in every child with acute scrotum if the clinical score is applied, which results in a marked reduction of negative explorations. A reliable diagnosis could not be obtained based on US alone. As scrotal US is unpleasant for the child, we propose to refrain from this if the clinical score is positive. Patients with a negative clinical score are suitable candidates for US to establish and secure diagnosis.
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To investigate the suburothelial inflammation and urothelial dysfunction that occurs with ketamine-related cystitis (KC) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). ⋯ KC and IC/BPS tissues both showed defective junction protein, increased suburothelial inflammation and increased urothelial cell apoptosis. Decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased apoptosis were more severe in KC than in IC/BPS bladder tissues and these findings were associated with the clinical symptoms of KC and IC/BPS.
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To detail the 9-year experience of renal trauma at a modern Level 1 trauma centre and report on patterns of injury, management and complications. ⋯ Road trauma is the greatest cause of renal injury. Most haemodynamically stable patients are successfully managed conservatively.
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To investigate upper urinary tract stone composition rates in Australia To investigate changes in stone composition in Australia over the past 30 years ⋯ Stone composition in Australia has remained relatively static over the past 30 years. Modifications in diet and body habitus have not resulted in significant changes in the proportion of uric acid and calcium oxalate stones detected. The decreasing trend in the proportion of struvite stones most likely reflects improved management of urinary tract infections within the Australian population.