BJU international
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Study Type--Aetiology (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The factors taken into consideration when determining when and where to void are poorly understood. Studies on bladder sensations, obtained during cystometry of from voiding diaries, are proving difficult to transfer to everyday experiences. There is therefore a need to explore what does influence when and where to void. This study, using focus groups, highlights the fact that many voids are driven by behavioural factors not by sensations of desire or need to void. It is further noted that a key factor in the final decision to void is an awareness of bladder volume. The concepts of 'cognitive voiding' informed by 'bladder awareness' are introduced and, if correct, will influence the way studies are devised and interpreted to explore lower urinary tract dysfunction and pharmacotherapy. OBJECTIVE • To investigate the inter-relationship between conscious decision-making processes and bladder sensation in determining the need, time and place to void ⋯ • The decision to void is primarily a cognitive process influenced by multiple elements of which bladder awareness is only one. • Mechanisms generating awareness may be intensified or lost reflecting possible different pathological states. The importance of these observations in relation to current views of normal and abnormal voiding is discussed.
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Study Type--Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Despite a lack of randomised controlled trials, most men with locally advanced prostate cancer are recommended to undergo external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), often combined with long-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Many of these men are not offered radical prostatectomy (RP) by their treating urologist. Additionally, it is know that EBRT with long-term ADT does provide good cancer control (88% at 10 years). We have previously published intermediate-term follow-up of a large series of men treatment with RP for cT3 prostate cancer. We report long-term follow-up of a large series of men treated with RP as primary treatment for cT3 prostate cancer. Our study shows that with long-term follow-up RP provides excellent oncological outcomes even at 20 years. While most men do require a multimodal treatment approach, many men can be managed successfully with RP alone. ⋯ • RP affords accurate pathological staging and may be associated with durable cancer control for cT3 prostate cancer, with 20 years of follow-up presented here. • RP as part of a multimodal treatment strategy therefore remains a viable treatment option for patients with cT3 tumours.
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Review Meta Analysis
Examining the 'gold standard': a comparative critical analysis of three consecutive decades of monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) outcomes.
What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the dominant and definitive treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS-BPH), but the widespread use of medical therapies (particularly monotherapies) for rapid symptom improvement has meant that the most common indication for TURP has shifted to moderate-severe medical therapy refractory LUTS to, coupled with abnormal objective parameters, or when complications arise. Patients undergoing TURP as part of contemporary randomised controlled trials are not older but have a larger preoperative prostate volume and reduced major morbidity compared with large cohort studies from successive past eras. Delayed surgery because of prolonged medical monotherapy may explain a higher reported failure to void rate, possibly because of negative impact on detrusor function from unrelieved obstruction. ⋯ The higher reported failure to void rate, may possibly reflect worse detrusor function at time of TURP. Delaying surgery by prolonged medical monotherapy may compound this. Trials methodology in this area requires quality improvement and standardisation in future.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Ability of C-reactive protein to complement multiple prognostic classifiers in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer receiving docetaxel-based chemotherapy.
What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Serum C-reactive protein (C-reactive protein) is emerging as a potential novel prognostic factor in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In the present study, a prospective trial was investigated retrospectively and a significant prognostic impact for C-reactive protein that was independent of multiple published prognostic models was identified in men receiving docetaxel-based chemotherapy for mCRPC. Prospective validation is warranted. ⋯ • Current prognostic classifications provide modest discrimination of outcomes in mCRPC receiving docetaxel-based chemotherapy, highlighting the need for improved risk-based models. • Baseline C-reactive protein appears to be an useful, independent prognostic factor and prospective external validation is warranted.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Long-term radical prostatectomy outcomes among participants from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) Rotterdam.
Study Type--Therapy (cohort) Level of Evidence 2b. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Radical prostatectomy was previously shown to improve long-term outcomes among men with clinically-detected prostate cancer. Our data suggests that radical prostatectomy is also associated with improved outcomes in men with screen-detected prostate cancer. ⋯ • After RP, screen-detected cases had significantly improved PFS, MFS and CSS compared with controls within the available follow-up time. • The screening arm remained significantly associated with lower rates of biochemical recurrence and metastasis after adjusting for other preoperative variables. • However, considering also RP pathology, the improved outcomes in the screening group appeared to be mediated by a significantly lower tumour volume.