International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol · Feb 1984
Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialAntiarrhythmic activity of esmolol (ASL-8052)--a novel ultra-short acting beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent.
In a single-blind, placebo-controlled study, esmolol was administered intravenously to 12 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Esmolol produced a significant dose-dependent decrease in the ventricular rate without conversion to normal sinus rhythm in any of the patients. ⋯ There were no significant adverse effects. We conclude that esmolol is an effective and safe agent for the control of heart rate in patients with supraventricular tachycardia.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol · Nov 1983
Evaluation of tolerance in long-term treatment of cancer pain with epidural morphine.
The effect of epidural morphine as a pain reliever was evaluated. A catheter was placed in the epidural space in 43 patients suffering from cancer pain related to dermatomeres of the thorax and lumbosacral region for an average period of 38 days (range 3-257 days). ⋯ The results showed no significant increase of the dose of epidural morphine in the first 10 decade periods. The authors concluded that pain relief treatment with equal doses maintains its effect for quite a long period of time in patients with often limited life expectancy.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol · Sep 1983
ReviewPharmacokinetics and the sedative effect of midazolam.
The pharmacokinetics and their relation to the pharmacodynamic properties of midazolam, the first water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative, are reviewed. Pharmacokinetically, midazolam is a unique derivative among the benzodiazepines. After both oral and parenteral routes of administration, it has a fast absorption rate, and differing from older derivatives it is very rapidly excreted with a half-life of only about 2 h. ⋯ Midazolam appears to be a useful short-acting hypnotic having almost no residual effects the following morning. In anesthesiology both oral and parenteral drug forms can be used for premedication. In addition, it is a new alternative for inducing anesthesia when a slow induction time is chosen or its advantageous properties: good cardiovascular stability, transient and mild respiratory depression, low frequency of venous irritation, production of anterograde amnesia, and short duration of action (last-mentioned property in comparison with other benzodiazepines).
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol · Aug 1983
Comparative StudyDifferential increase in potency of neuromuscular blocking agents by enflurane and halothane.
Cumulative dose-response curves of suxamethonium, tubocurarine, and pancuronium were constructed in 142 patients under enflurane and halothane anesthesia, and neuroleptic anesthesia (control group). The dose-response curves shifted to the left with increasing inspired concentrations of enflurane and halothane, thus indicating an increase in neuromuscular blocking potency. ⋯ Enflurane has a significantly greater synergistic effect than halothane. Beside other mechanisms and sites of action, which are briefly discussed, the recently proposed transient-state concept of relaxant-receptor interaction is applied to explain the increase in affinity at the receptor level.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol · Apr 1981
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPropiram and codeine in episiotomy pain.
To evaluate relative efficacy, safety, and time course of analgesia, propiram fumarate (50 and 100 mg), a new narcotic agonist-antagonist, was compared with codeine sulfate (60 mg) and placebo in a clinical trial with a single peroral dose, parallel, stratified, randomized, and double-blind design involving 80 hospitalized postpartum women with medium or severe episiotomy pain. Using verbal subjective reports as index of response, patients rated pain intensity and side effects at periodic interviews for 6 h. Relative efficacy findings based on peak effects and summed pain-intensity differences suggested dose-dependent analgesia with propiram and also that 60 mg codeine lay between 50 mg propiram and placebo. ⋯ All three active drugs continued to act until the 5th or 6th h. Drowsiness was the only statistically significant side effect reported after propiram. These results suggest that single 50 or 100 mg doses of propiram were effective in episiotomy pain, induced stronger analgesia than 60 mg codeine, and took effect more rapidly.