The journal of clinical hypertension
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J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) · Sep 2012
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with chronic kidney disease and resistant hypertension.
The role of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) has not been well-studied in patients with chronic kidney disease and resistant hypertension. In a retrospective study of the outpatient chronic kidney disease population, 156 patients with chronic kidney disease and resistant hypertension who had 24-hour ABPM and clinic BP measurements were identified. Resistant hypertension was defined as uncontrolled clinic BP while taking ≥ 3 medications including a diuretic or controlled BP while taking ≥ 4 medications. ⋯ Prevalence of white-coat hypertension, masked hypertension, and sustained hypertension were 29.5%, 5.8%, and 58.3%, respectively. Compared with patients with sustained hypertension, more patients in the white-coat hypertension group had low nocturnal average systolic BP (defined as nocturnal average systolic BP <100 mm Hg) (17.4% vs 0%) and low 24-hour average diastolic BP (defined as 24-hour average diastolic BP <60 mm Hg) (52.2% vs 22%, P<.01). ABPM provides more reliable assessment of BP in patients with chronic kidney disease and resistant hypertension.
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J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) · Aug 2012
Are sleep symptoms predictors of resistant hypertension in a population-based sample? Findings from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.
The aim of this study was to test the association of self-reported sleep symptoms to those identified with severe hypertension in a nationally representative sample of adults. Self-reported and study-measured health and sleep characteristics were collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008. Of 10,526 individuals with completed sleep surveys participating in the study, the authors identified 379 patients with severe hypertension defined as those treated with ≥ 3 antihypertensive medications including a diuretic; 110 of these had resistant hypertension (RHTN) despite therapy, while 269 were controlled for severe hypertension (CSHTN). ⋯ Poorly controlled diabetes and self-reported unsatisfactory heath showed significant association with RHTN. Contrary to expectations, there was no significant association between self-reported snoring/snorting and RHTN, when other factors were examined. The association between poorly controlled diabetes and RHTN warrants further emphasis on strict control of diabetes in these individuals.
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J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) · Jul 2012
Plasma endothelial microparticles and their correlation with the presence of hypertension and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Microparticles (MPs) are associated with several cardiovascular complications. As multifunction biomarkers, they may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated vascular diseases. A total of 39 patients with diabetes and hypertension, 24 patients with diabetes without hypertension, and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. ⋯ Furthermore, baPWV in diabetics with hypertension (1910±355 cm/s) was higher than that in control patients (1441±198 cm/s) and diabetics without hypertension (1727±2 cm/s). Multivariant analysis identified EMP as a potent contributor to the development of impaired artery elasticity in diabetics (odds ratio, 4.401; 95% confidence interval, 1.529-12.673; P=.006). Plasma EMP was associated with the presence of hypertension and impaired arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.
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J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) · May 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialTLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in peripheral monocytes in nondiabetic hypertensive patients: the effect of intensive blood pressure-lowering.
The activation of innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), participates in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The authors evaluated TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in the peripheral monocytes of nondiabetic hypertensive patients compared with normotensive individuals and investigated the effect of intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP)-lowering. Included were 43 nondiabetic hypertensive patients with essential hypertension who were randomly assigned to an intensive treatment arm, with an SBP target of <130 mm Hg, or a standard arm, with an SBP target of <140 mm Hg. ⋯ In conclusion, TLR4 mRNA levels in peripheral monocytes are significantly elevated in nondiabetic hypertensive patients. Intensive control of SBP results in attenuation of TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in those patients. Our findings suggest that a strict SBP target in nondiabetic hypertensive patients may offer additional benefits.
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J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) · Apr 2012
Case Reports Comparative StudyPage kidney: etiology, renal function outcomes and risk for future hypertension.
The initial description of Page kidney, a form of renin-mediated hypertension, included athletes with renal subcapsular hematoma after flank trauma. Subsequently, nontraumatic etiologies were identified. In this study, the authors compare traumatic and nontraumatic causes of Page kidney. ⋯ Trauma patients tended to be younger, male, have less renal impairment and lower systolic blood pressure. Nontrauma patients required more antihypertensive medications and had a higher nephrectomy rate. New-onset hypertension occurred independent of etiology, calling for close surveillance of blood pressures.