Diabetes technology & therapeutics
-
Diabetes Technol. Ther. · Mar 2009
In silico evaluation platform for artificial pancreatic beta-cell development--a dynamic simulator for closed-loop control with hardware-in-the-loop.
A critical step in algorithm development for an artificial beta-cell is extensive in silico testing. Computer simulations usually involve only the controller software, leaving untested the hardware elements, including the critical communication interface between the controller and the glucose sensor and insulin pump. ⋯ A complete artificial beta-cell evaluation platform was realized with the flexibility to interface various algorithms and patient models, allowing for the systematic analysis of monitoring and control algorithms. The system facilitates a variety of tests and challenges to the software and the component devices, streamlining preclinical validation trials.
-
Diabetes Technol. Ther. · Feb 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPatient perceptions of injection pain and anxiety: a comparison of NovoFine 32-gauge tip 6mm and Micro Fine Plus 31-gauge 5mm needles.
Injecting insulin may cause pain and anxiety and lead to suboptimal treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this randomized, open-label, crossover study was to compare two types of needle design and diameter in patients with diabetes injecting insulin. ⋯ These results suggest that the diameter and design of the needle play an important role in reducing injection pain and needle anxiety, which is particularly important for insulin initiation.
-
Diabetes Technol. Ther. · Feb 2009
Comparison of accuracy and safety of the SEVEN and the Navigator continuous glucose monitoring systems.
This study evaluated the accuracy and safety of two continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, the SEVEN (DexCom, San Diego, CA) and the Navigator (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA), with the YSI laboratory measurements of blood glucose (blood glucose meter manufactured by YSI, Yellow Springs, OH), when worn concurrently in adults with type 1 diabetes. ⋯ Glucose measurements with the SEVEN and Navigator were found to be similar compared with YSI and SMBG measurements, with the exception of the hypoglycemic range where the SEVEN performed better. However, the Navigator caused more skin area reactions.
-
Diabetes Technol. Ther. · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialPre- and postoperative accuracy and safety of a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system in cardiac surgical patients: a randomized pilot study.
Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy and safety of a real-time (RT) continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in patients before and after cardiothoracic surgery and to investigate whether activation of the alarm function of the RT-CGMS had an effect on glucose control. ⋯ Although the RT-CGMS is safe and accurate according to accepted standards, there are still small aberrations, which in our opinion preclude unlimited use in its present form in a clinical setting. The effect of the alarm function at different glucose levels remains to be investigated.
-
Diabetes Technol. Ther. · Dec 2008
Skin heat dissipation: the influence of diabetes, skin thickness, and subcutaneous fat thickness.
It is well established that diabetes impairs vascular endothelial function. However, the impact of impaired endothelial function on thermal conductivity of the skin, especially in relation to a constant versus a sudden heat stress, has not been established. Further, there is some evidence that aging reduces skin dermal thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness. Since these are important determinates of heat dissipation by the skin, these parameters also need to be examined in people with diabetes. ⋯ Thinning of the skin and probably a reduction in capillaries in the dermal layer contribute to a reduction in the blood flow response to heat. People with diabetes, in particular, have reduced skin heat dissipation because of less resting blood flow and thinner skin than that seen in age-matched controls.