Fiziologiia cheloveka
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Fiziologiia cheloveka · Jan 2016
SENSORIMOTOR REGULATION OF MOVEMENTS: NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR THE RECOVERY OF MOBILITY.
A series of observations have provided important insight into properties of the spinal as well as supraspinal circuitries that control posture and movement. We have demonstrated that spinal rats can regain full weight-bearing standing and stepping over a range of speeds and directions with the aid of electrically enabling motor control (eEmc), pharmacological modulation (fEmc), and training. ⋯ Herein we introduce a novel method of painless transcutaneous electrical enabling motor control (pcEmc) and sensory enabling motor control (sEmc) strategy to neuromodulate the physiological state of the spinal cord. We have found that a combination of a novel non-invasive transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation and sensory-motor stimulation of leg mechanoreceptors can modulate the spinal locomotor circuitry to that enables voluntary rhuthmic locomotor movements.
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Fiziologiia cheloveka · Jan 2015
[The analysis of fMRT answer's individual variability at healthy examinees when opening eyes, motor and speech tests].
This paper analyzes the variation of the functional anatomy of the brain in healthy people performing identical activities on the basis of functional magneticresonance imaging (fMRI). According to the authors, this approach allows you to showcase a variety of individual strategies to achieve the same external (behavioral) result intracerebral different means, and to identify the factors that determine this diversity. Investigated hemodynamic (fMRT) brain reactions at activization of attention to opening of eyes, motor (search of the right and left hand fingers) and speech tests (mental transfer of months or days of the week upside-down) at 21 healthy subjects (21-30 years): 14 men, 7 women. ⋯ In motor and speech tests, performed with his eyes closed, fMRI response in women is characterized by greater specificity and locality than in men. At motor tests fMRT answers of men are accompanied big, than at women, inclusion in reaction of frontal areas of the cortex, providing realization of regulatory functions. When opening of eyes the women's fMRT responses, on the contrary, become more diffusion, and men's--more local.
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The article looks at the relation between adaptation strategy and individual style of activity based on the doctrine of human adaptation of V. I. Medvedev that enables opening up characteristics of professional activity in diverse environments. ⋯ Based on the law on the conceptual model of adaptation proposed by V. I. Medvedev, the article illustrates that humans are active figures in adaptation situations, modeling their own adaption strategies, using different individual styles manifested in the programs of adaptive behaviour.
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The results of system assessment efficiency of human night sleep which was registered on a large number of people without health problems, and data on the modeling of sleep structure by Pareto principle were showed. In contrast to the assessment of sleep efficiency, as the ratio of the duration of electrophysiological sleep to the total time of sleep, the introduced method increase adequacy assessment by taking into gender factor in the somnology and personalized medicine.