Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
-
Pain is a complex biobehavioral phenomenon. The quantification of pain involves the incorporation of many factors, including physiologic, behavioral, and psychologic factors. Recognition of pain relies heavily on the expression of the patient as well as the interpretation of the caregiver. ⋯ Pain is a combination of physiologic, behavioral, and psychologic interactions. Any tool that incorporates the measurement of only one of those domains is inherently incomplete in the assessment of pain. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review was to provide a comprehensive overview of these biobehavioral pain assessment tools used in pain assessment in the noncommunicative pediatric population.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Postoperative pain: acupuncture versus percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of traditional acupuncture compared with acupuncture with percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) on postoperative surgical pain relief in gynecologic oncology patients. Twenty postoperative gynecologic oncology patients were randomly assigned into the two groups, and the intervention was initiated within 24 hours after surgery. ⋯ Pain measurement instruments included a visual analog scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Although the PENS treatment group demonstrated a consistent decrease in pain with each treatment application compared with the traditional acupuncture group, after 48 hours both groups experienced equivalent pain relief.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effectiveness of oral sucrose for pain management in infants during immunizations.
This study examined the effects of oral sucrose as an analgesic agent during routine immunization for infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. A sample of 113 healthy infants were recruited from three ambulatory clinics and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. ⋯ No significant difference was found among the different age groups with the different treatments for pain as measured with the FLACC scores and crying time. Consolability factors are felt to have some influence.
-
Case Reports
Kangaroo care and behavioral and physiologic pain responses in very-low-birth-weight twins: a case study.
The purpose of this case study was to describe pain responses in three study conditions: longer (30 minutes) kangaroo care (KC) before and throughout heel stick (KC30), shorter (15 minutes) KC before and throughout heel stick (KC15), and incubator care throughout heel stick (IC) in 28-week gestational age twins. Pain responses were measured by crying time, Preterm Infant Pain Profile (PIPP), and heart rate variability indexes, including low-frequency power (LF, representing sympathetic activity), high-frequency power (HF, parasympathetic activity), and LF/HF ratio (sympathetic-parasympathetic balance). Both twins cried more and had higher PIPP pain scores and tachycardia during heel stick in the IC condition. ⋯ The twins had lower LF/HF ratios (better autonomic nervous system balance) during recovery in both longer and shorter KC conditions compared with the IC condition. Infant B had difficulty returning to LF/HF ratio baseline level after the painful procedure in the IC condition. These data suggest that both longer and shorter KC before and throughout painful procedures can be helpful in reducing behavioral and physiologic pain responses in preterm infants.
-
The American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN) has updated its position statement on managing pain in patients with substance use disorders. This position statement is endorsed by the International Nurses Society on Addictions (IntNSA) and includes clinical practice recommendations based on current evidence. ⋯ Barriers to caring for these patients include stigmatization, misconceptions, and limited access to providers skilled in these two categories of disorders. Topics addressed in this position statement include the scope of substance use and related disorders, conceptual models of addiction, ethical considerations, addiction risk stratification, and clinical recommendations.