Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
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Involving parents in children's pain management is essential to achieve optimal outcomes. Parents need to be equipped with sufficient knowledge and information. Only a limited number of studies have explored nurses' provision of parental guidance regarding the use of nonpharmacologic methods in children's pain management. ⋯ Nurses' perceived knowledge adequacy was the main factor influencing their provision of parental guidance. More attention should be paid to nurses who are younger, have less working experience, and are not parents. There is a need to educate nurses about nonpharmacologic pain relief methods to optimize their provision of parental guidance.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of self-efficacy and affect as mediators of the relationship between pain and several fibromyalgia (FM) symptoms (functional limitation, depression, and anxiety). We evaluated 144 women with FM for self-reported pain (numerical pain scale), pressure pain sensitivity (pressure pain thresholds), functional limitation (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire), self-efficacy (Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale), depression-anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and positive-negative affect (Positive-Negative Affect Scale). ⋯ Affect mediated the relationship between pressure pain sensitivity and anxiety, whereas self-efficacy was the mediating variable between self-reported pain and functional limitation and depression. Our results support a complex nature of pain in women presenting with FM, as cognitive and emotional variables have different mediator relationships between pain dimensions and functional and emotional outcomes in women with FM.
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Cross-sectional studies report that pain in ambulatory HIV-infected individuals is frequent and often undermanaged. Expanding access to HIV treatment in developing countries means that infected individuals are living longer, but there is a dearth of pain-directed studies from developing countries that describe the progression of pain and its treatment over any period of time. The aim of this study was to characterize the progression of pain and its treatment over a 6-month period in 92 ambulatory HIV-positive patients attending an outpatient clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. ⋯ Analgesic use was low at both time points (5% and 25% analgesic use at visit 1 and 2, respectively). Despite the high pain burden, pain interference in daily activities was very low across the period assessed. The burden of pain in this cohort of ambulatory HIV-positive patients was high, but there were significant reductions in pain burden over time.
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This research was planned as a two-level definitive and comparative study to evaluate pain during endotracheal suction (ETS) in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). This study was comprised of patients admitted to and the nurses working in the PICU. Cases were selected among PICU patients (N = 65) who met the study criteria and nurses (N = 18) who cared for them from January 1 to July 2, 2008. ⋯ Patients who received bolus doses of analgesia and sedative drugs had lower Wong-Baker faces pain rating (4.38 ± 0.96; n = 4) and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scores (4.61 ± 1.94; n = 4) (p > .05). According to these findings, the patients were distressed because of the pain related with suction. Therefore, it is recommended that suction guidelines be used in PICUs during ETS.