Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
-
Since the 2010s, the Pain Resource Nurse (PRN) program and similar programs have been introduced in Chinese hospitals. However, the status of the PRN program and nurses' experiences in these programs remain unclear. ⋯ The hospital survey results indicated that the PRN program in China is still in the early development stage. The PRN interviews suggest that being a PRN involves both positive and negative experiences.
-
Arteriovenous grafting offers an alternative for patients whose vessels are unsuitable for arteriovenous fistula. However, as a result of subcutaneous tunnel dissection, postoperative pain and edema of the operated limb present early after surgery. As a traditional therapeutic approach, cryotherapy has the ability to suppress postoperative pain and edema. ⋯ Cryotherapy is a preferable intervention for patients after arteriovenous graft implantation as a result of its favorable cost, convenience, and fewer side effects.