Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
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Chronic postsurgical pain is pain that develops and persists for at least 3 months after a surgical procedure. The purpose of this review was to discover what evidence exists regarding the influence of race and ethnicity on postoperative pain intensity and what evidence exists regarding the influence of genetic polymorphisms on postoperative pain intensity. ⋯ The literature varies with respect to race, ethnicity, and postoperative pain perception. Perioperative pain intensity has been suggested as a significant predictor of chronic postsurgical pain. COMT and OPRM1 may be associated with higher pain perception after surgical procedures.
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Review
How Theory Can Help Facilitate Implementing Relaxation as a Complementary Pain Management Approach.
Complementary therapies provide cancer survivors and clinicians with options for managing chronic pain. Recent published clinical guidelines and research findings support the use of relaxation therapy for managing chronic pain in cancer survivors. ⋯ Using theory to guide implementation of a new practice can increase the likelihood of successful adoption. This article uses relaxation therapy for cancer survivors to describe how clinicians could use Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the related Collaborative Research Utilization Model to implement a complementary therapy and ensure that it becomes standard practice.
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There is an urgent need to prepare a reliable and accurate tool for pain assessment in patients who are unable to self-report. Translating pain assessment scales into foreign languages requires further validation testing. ⋯ The Polish version of the BPS has better psychometric properties than the Polish version of the NVPS. It is necessary to define precisely the descriptors used in the scales and to implement a staff training program.
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The Mobilization-Observation-Behavior-Intensity-Dementia (MOBID) Pain Scale is an observational tool in which raters estimate pain intensity on a 0-10 scale following five standardized movements. The tool has been shown to be valid and reliable in northern European samples and could be useful in the United States (US) for research and clinical purposes. The goal of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the MOBID among English-speaking nursing home residents in the US. ⋯ Result of this study support the use of the MOBID in English-speaking staff and residents in the US. Findings also suggest that the tool can be completed by trained, nonclinical staff.
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Few investigators have developed and tested nonpharmacological interventions for helping persons with sickle cell disease (SCD) manage persistent pain. ⋯ An MBI is feasible and acceptable for persons with SCD experiencing chronic pain. A larger randomized controlled trial to establish MBI efficacy on pain and related outcomes for SCD will provide nonpharmacologic, behavioral pain management options for nurses and other clinicians caring for persons with SCD and chronic pain.