Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
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To assess cannabinoid dosing that could be associated with a reduction in opioid use. ⋯ The opioid-sparing effect of cannabinoids remains uncertain based on current evidence. However, attention could be paid to cannabinoid doses associated with opioid reduction in included observational studies.
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Chronic pain affects over 50 million Americans per year and costs society billions of dollars annually. It is widely accepted that the biomedical model is outdated and research on the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain has increased in recent years, concurrent with investigations into self-management of chronic pain. ⋯ This work describes the VHA Whole Health System, reviews the literature on alignment between the Whole Health System's Circle of Health and chronic pain, and explains how the VHA Whole Health model may be used as a method for organizing self-management strategies within a personal health plan in the context of chronic pain. Given the infusion of nurses throughout the healthcare system, nurses are in a unique position to champion this biopsychosocial-spiritual approach to care.
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Fear-of-pain is a common feeling of patients and their family who experience or witness severe or chronic pain. Fear-of-pain may disturb patient's recovery, and also influence family support to assist patients' recovery. ⋯ Family members can develop the fear-of-pain from witnessing painful experiences and may exhibit fear-avoidance behaviors in deciding on patients' rehabilitation plan. Family support, including the type of relationship with families, and length of time family spent with the patient, had an effect on patients' pain and fear-of-pain.
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Endotracheal aspiration, a procedure that is particularly painful for intensive care patients, has received little attention in terms of pain evaluation specifically among intubated patients with COVID-19 in intensive care. ⋯ The study findings showed that nonverbal pain scores of sedated and intubated intensive care patients diagnosed with COVID-19 increased during endotracheal aspiration, accompanied by physiologic pain indicators. Effective pain management should be a priority for nurses. It is important to remember that patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit may experience pain while sedated and intubated. A holistic approach should be adopted for the evaluation and relief of pain in these patients. Intensive care nurses should consider physiologic and nonverbal behavioral pain indicators when evaluating pain in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Nurses include spirituality in holistic nursing care of persons in pain. However, there is a lack of awareness of spiritual suffering and the role of chaplains and spiritual care in pain management. ⋯ Spiritual suffering can occur in people in pain. An early consultation with hospital chaplains can augment pain management. A person in pain may experience spiritual suffering and a chaplain can provide the appropriate assessment and intervention.