Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes : JAIDS
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J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. · Jul 2011
Multicenter StudyVitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the United States.
Vitamin D deficiency is of increasing concern in HIV-infected persons because of its reported association with a number of negative health outcomes that are common in HIV. We undertook this study to determine the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency among a nationally representative cohort of middle-aged, ethnically diverse, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). ⋯ In this study of more than 1700 women in the United States, most women with or without HIV infection had low vitamin D levels and African American women had the highest rates of vitamin D deficiency. An understanding of the role that vitamin D deficiency plays in non-AIDS-related morbidities is planned for investigation in WIHS.
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J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. · Jul 2011
Mental health and HIV sexual risk behavior among patrons of alcohol serving venues in Cape Town, South Africa.
Alcohol-serving venues in South Africa provide a location for HIV prevention interventions due to risk factors of patrons in these establishments. Understanding the association between mental health and risk behaviors in these settings may inform interventions that address alcohol use and HIV prevention. ⋯ Mental health in this setting was poor and was associated with sexual risk behavior. Treating mental health and substance-use problems may aid in reducing HIV infection. Sexual assault prevention and treatment after sexual assault may strengthen HIV prevention efforts.
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J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. · Apr 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialIncreased risk of severe infant anemia after exposure to maternal HAART, Botswana.
Maternal highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduces mother-to-child HIV transmission but may increase the risk for infant anemia. ⋯ Exposure to maternal HAART starting in utero was associated with severe infant anemia. Confirmation of this finding and possible strategies to mitigate hematologic toxicity warrant further study.
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J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. · Apr 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialHIV partner notification is effective and feasible in sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities for HIV treatment and prevention.
Sexual partners of persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection require HIV counseling, testing and, if necessary, evaluation for therapy. However, many African countries do not have a standardized protocol for partner notification, and the effectiveness of partner notification has not been evaluated in developing countries . ⋯ This study provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of partner notification in sub-Saharan Africa. Active partner notification was feasible, acceptable, and effective among sexually transmitted infections clinic patients. Partner notification will increase early referral to care and facilitate risk reduction among high-risk uninfected partners.