Clinical lung cancer
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Clinical lung cancer · Sep 2017
Review Comparative StudyImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Second-line treatment options are limited for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Standard therapy includes the cytotoxic agents docetaxel and pemetrexed, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a new class of treatment that have shown durable overall radiologic response rates and have been well tolerated. ⋯ A significant overall survival benefit of second-line nivolumab (nonsquamous: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-0.77; P < .001; squamous: HR = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.44-0.79; P < .001) or second-line atezolizumab (HR = 0.73, 95% CI, 0.62-0.87; P = .0003) or second-line pembrolizumab (in patients with programmed cell death ligand 1 [PD-L1]-positive tumors) (pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg HR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.58-0.88; P = .0008; pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg HR = 0.61, 95% CI, 0.49-0.75; P < .0001) or first-line pembrolizumab (HR = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.41-0.89; P = .005) compared with chemotherapy was found. The adverse effects were mainly higher in the chemotherapy arms. For patients with advanced stage IIIB/IV NSCLC, the improvement in overall survival outweighed the harms and supported the use of first-line pembrolizumab (in patients with ≥ 50% PD-L1-positive tumors) or second-line nivolumab, atezolizumab, or pembrolizumab (in patients with PD-L1-positive tumors).
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Clinical lung cancer · Sep 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialLUME-Meso: Design and Rationale of the Phase III Part of a Placebo-Controlled Study of Nintedanib and Pemetrexed/Cisplatin Followed by Maintenance Nintedanib in Patients With Unresectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but aggressive disease: median survival is 6 to 9 months if untreated. Standard first-line treatment for patients with unresectable MPM is cisplatin/pemetrexed, with a median overall survival (OS) of approximately 1 year. Improvements in first-line treatment options are needed. ⋯ The primary end point is progression-free survival; OS is the key secondary end point. The study will use an adaptive design, including an interim analysis to reassess the number of OS events required to ensure sufficient power for OS analysis. The study is currently enrolling patients.
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Clinical lung cancer · Sep 2017
Comparative StudyEBUS-TBNA as a Promising Method for the Evaluation of Tumor PD-L1 Expression in Lung Cancer.
Because most lung cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages, we are forced to conduct molecular testing using small biopsy samples. Endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is emerging as a minimally invasive biopsy technique. Here, we examined the usefulness of EBUS-TBNA to evaluate programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in lung cancer. ⋯ Our study suggests EBUS-TBNA as a promising method to evaluate PD-L1 expression in lung cancer.
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Clinical lung cancer · Sep 2017
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer as a Second Primary Among Patients With Previous Malignancy: Who Is at Risk?
Patients with previous malignancies could be at increased risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the extent of the risk is unknown for many cancer types; thus, it is unclear who might benefit from screening. ⋯ Smoking-related malignancies had the greatest risk of NSCLC. Radiation therapy conferred an elevated risk of NSCLC for certain cancers. Melanoma, prostate, and uterine cancer survivors had a low risk of NSCLC. These results could help identify high-risk screening candidates in the growing population of cancer survivors.
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Clinical lung cancer · Sep 2017
Early Results of Lung Cancer Screening and Radiation Dose Assessment by Low-dose CT at a Community Hospital.
The National Lung Screening Trial showed a reduction in overall and cancer-specific mortality for patients screened with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) versus chest radiograph. Some question whether this can be achieved in community healthcare settings. Our aim was to analyze lung cancer screening outcomes and administered radiation dose using LDCT scans at a community hospital. ⋯ Over half of screening patients diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer in our community had stage I disease, which we anticipate translating into significantly improved mortality. Patient radiation dose from LDCT scans is approximately one-fifth that from standard CT chest examinations.