The journal of nutrition, health & aging
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J Nutr Health Aging · Dec 2011
Comparative StudyTransitions in cognitive status in relation to frailty in older adults: a comparison of three frailty measures.
Cognitive decline is related to frailty. Frailty can be operationalized in different ways, which have an unknown impact on the estimation of risk. Here, we compared 3 frailty measures in relation to cognitive changes and mortality in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA). ⋯ Frail elderly people have an increased risk of cognitive decline. All frailty measures allowed quantification of individual vulnerability and predict both cognitive changes and mortality.
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J Nutr Health Aging · Dec 2011
A new hierarchical classification for prognosis of hip fracture after 2 years' follow-up.
To examine the prognostic value of different profiles of hip fracture patients for recovery of pre-fracture functional level and for post-fracture mortality. ⋯ Hip fracture patients can be classified into homogeneous groups with different prognostic profiles based on pre-fracture characteristics. This new classification improves Penrod's previous system by establishing groups of patients hierarchically ordered by the probability of recovery and mortality at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-fracture.
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J Nutr Health Aging · Aug 2011
Cognitive impairment and low physical activity are the components of frailty more strongly associated with disability.
To determine the association of the five frailty criteria from the Cardiovascular Health Study, as well as cognitive impairment, with prevalent disability for the instrumental (IADL) and basic activities of daily living (ADL). ⋯ Cognitive impairment and low physical activity are the main contributing factors of frailty phenotype to disability. Better understanding the independent contribution of each frailty subdimension to the different adverse-health outcomes may help to provide a more adequate management of frail elderly.
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J Nutr Health Aging · Aug 2011
ReviewDifferent models of frailty in predementia and dementia syndromes.
Dementia is an increasingly common disease in the aging population, and the numbers are expected to rise exponentially in coming years. Therefore, there is a critical need to potentially individualize new strategies able to prevent and to slow down the progression of predementia and dementia syndromes. Despite a substantial increase in the epidemiological and clinical evidence on frailty, there is no consensus on its definition or on what criteria should be used to identify older individuals with frailty. ⋯ Most frailty instruments use a dichotomous scoring system classifying a person as either frail or not frail, while a continuous or an ordinal scoring system on multiple levels would be preferable to be used as an outcome measure. Recently, a Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), derived from a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment, was effective in predicting short- and long-term mortality risk in hospitalized patients with dementia. Overall taken together these findings supported the concept that outcome measures linked to multidimensional impairment may be extremely important in making clinical decisions, especially for monitoring drug treatment in randomized clinical trials also for predementia and dementia syndromes.
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J Nutr Health Aging · Aug 2011
Rapid cognitive decline, one-year institutional admission and one-year mortality: analysis of the ability to predict and inter-tool agreement of four validated clinical frailty indexes in the SAFEs cohort.
To evaluate the predictive ability of four clinical frailty indexes as regards one-year rapid cognitive decline (RCD - defined as the loss of at least 3 points on the MMSE score), and one-year institutional admission (IA) and mortality respectively; and to measure their agreement for identifying groups at risk of these severe outcomes. ⋯ These findings confirm the poor clinimetric properties of these current indexes to measure frailty, underlining the fact that further work is needed to develop a better and more widely-accepted definition of frailty and therefore a better understanding of its pathophysiology.