Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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Review
A systematic review of the effectiveness of CT-guided, lumbar transforaminal injection of steroids.
To determine the effectiveness and safety of computerized tomography (CT) guided, lumbar transforaminal injection of steroids in the treatment of radicular pain. ⋯ The evidence-base for CT-guided lumbar transforaminal injection of steroids is meagre. This intervention is not more effective than fluoroscopy-guided injections and is not demonstrably safer.
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To examine the frequency of and factors predicting opioid resumption among patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) and therapeutic opioid addiction (TOA) treated in an interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation program (CPRP) incorporating opioid weaning. ⋯ CNCP and co-occurring TOA can be successfully treated within a CPRP. Patients report low rates of resumption regardless of addiction status. This is in marked contrast to reported outcomes of non-medically induced opioid addictions. Prolonged abstinence may depend upon the successful treatment of depression.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in the current treatment era can achieve normal life expectancies but experience a high degree of medical and psychiatric comorbidity. Impaired physical function and pain, often in the context of mood disorders and substance abuse, are common in HIV-infected patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of pain, a modifiable condition, to functional impairment in HIV-infected patients, independent of mood disorders and substance abuse. ⋯ Pain was associated with substantially increased odds of impairment in physical function. Pain should be an important consideration in HIV primary care. Interventions to address pain and impaired physical function should be investigated.
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To investigate the progression of the illness and opioid journeys of people who are taking opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. ⋯ The four key factors influencing the progress of people taking opioids for chronic non-cancer pain are rooted in the provisions made by society for caring for this patient group and involve relationships between patient and provider, between patients and their social world, and between different providers and their professional knowledge. In our patient sample, effective support involved the provision and maintenance of hope, and professionals who are knowledgeable about opioids and chronic pain, good communicators, and cognizant with their patients' social support and responsibilities.
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The older person is more likely to have pain since degenerative diseases and the effects of cancer are more common after 65 years of age. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used due to perceived safety, relatively low cost and over-the-counter availability. This brief review describes the necessity for, but risks of, NSAIDs in the older patient. ⋯ Pain complaints are common in the older population. Low back pain and osteoarthritis affects over two thirds of this group. Patients and clinicians are increasingly wary about treatment since no medication appears to be safe. Older patients opting for no treatment may have worsening function including decreased sleep, mobility, socialization, and increased depression. Ninety percent of all prescription NSAIDs are taken by patients over 65. Guidelines for safe use are available but frequently not followed by the practitioner including the FDA recommended "lowest dose possible for your treatment … for the shortest time needed." NSAIDs can be an effective treatment option for many older persons but caution should be exercised in this often fragile population.