Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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Little is known regarding whether exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) produced by isometric exercise is influenced by psychological factors or systematically varies across multiple experimental psychophysical pain tests. Thus, this study sought to determine the influence of experimental pain test, psychological factors, and sex on the hypoalgesic response of submaximal isometric exercise. ⋯ These findings demonstrate that the hypoalgesic response to submaximal isometric exercise is partially a function of sex and experimental pain test. Furthermore, the relationship between EIH and pain catastrophizing was psychophysical pain test specific, with greater pain catastrophizing predicting diminished EIH only during the temporal summation of pain trials.
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To evaluate the predictive value of disturbed sleep on the ability of pregabalin to reduce pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). ⋯ Overall, these data suggest that the presence of comorbid sleep disturbance in patients with DPN/PHN might, in part, predict substantial pain relief in response to pregabalin treatment.
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Self-medication with painkillers is widespread and increasing, and evidence about influences on painkiller dependence is needed to inform efforts to prevent and treat problem painkiller use. ⋯ The people most at risk of developing painkiller dependence are those who use prescription painkillers more frequently, who have a prior history of substance-related problems more generally, and who are less accepting of pain. Based on these findings, a preliminary model is presented with three types of influence on the development of painkiller dependence: 1) pain leading to painkiller use, 2) risk factors for substance-related problems irrespective of pain, and 3) psychological factors related to pain. The model could guide further research among the general population and high-risk groups, and acceptance-based interventions could be adapted and evaluated as methods to prevent and treat painkiller dependence.
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Patients and caregivers participate in decision-taking, and their views should be considered in the preparation of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). We involved them in the development of a CPG on the safe use of major opioids. ⋯ These patients and caregivers demonstrated a preference for pain alleviation by opioid treatment and gave negative assessments on adverse digestive effects that can cause this treatment to be abandoned. They expressed interest in receiving more information and in participating in therapeutic decision making, and they reported erroneous beliefs and a lack of information about the effects of these drugs.
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To establish a rat model of type II diabetic neuropathic pain. ⋯ A rat model of type II diabetic neuropathic pain can be established by feeding rats a high-fat, high-sugar diet for 8 weeks, in combination with intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg STZ. This model can be stably maintained for at least 2 weeks.