Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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OBJECTIVE : Early pain experiences can lead to disruption in the long-term responses to pain and in abnormal development and behavior in rodents. We evaluated the sensory and motor development of Wistar rats after exposure to painful stimulation (repetitive needle prickling) immediately after birth. METHODS : Male and female rats were followed up to 6 months of life, and sensory and motor functions were investigated by testing paw withdrawal with von Frey filaments, calibrated forceps (CF), and grip strength (GS) tests. ⋯ The CF test showed smaller values on the stimulated paws in the pain group, with no differences between sides on the controls. CONCLUSIONS : Pain in the neonatal period influences sensory and motor functions negatively during development in male and female rats, even long term after the painful stimulus is ceased. The neonatal injury-induced hypersensitivity is persistent, and male and female rats respond similarly to the stimulus.
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Prescription opioid analgesics are commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain. An unintended consequence of prescribing opioid analgesics is the abuse and diversion of these medications. Tapentadol ER is a recently approved centrally acting analgesic with synergistic mechanisms of action: μ-opioid receptor agonism and inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake. We assessed the amount of diversion and related cost of obtaining tapentadol IR (Nucynta®) and tapentadol ER (Nucynta ER®) as well as other Schedule II opioid medications in street transactions in the United States using the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS®) System. ⋯ Our results indicate that tapentadol ER is rarely sold illicitly in the United States. When sold illicitly, tapentadol ER costs less than other Schedule II opioid products.
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The aim of this study was to examine the association between physical fitness and depressive symptoms in women with fibromyalgia (FM). We also assessed whether different fitness components present independent relationships with depressive symptoms. ⋯ Although higher physical fitness was generally associated with lower symptoms of depression in women with FM, the observed associations were somewhat weak and inconsistent, differing from those previously observed in healthy adults. Further research to determine the clinical relevance of the association between physical fitness and depression in FM is warranted.
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This preliminary study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term frequent ketamine treatment on cognitive function in [AQ-A] CRPS patients. ⋯ Patients with CRPS receiving long-term frequent ketamine treatment showed impairment in cognitive function (specifically executive function) compared with those who do not. These findings may have implications for clinical assessment and rehabilitation of cognitive function in CRPS patients.