Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment offers pain relief for patients suffering from chronic pain who do not respond well to conventional treatments. We tested whether PRF treatment attenuated complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain. Epigenetic modification of potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) gene expression was examined to elucidate the potential contributing mechanism. ⋯ These findings suggest that PRF might be an alternative therapy for inflammatory pain. One of the underlying mechanisms is through modification of KCC2, which is an important determinant for the efficacy of inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord, and its expression levels are regulated by histone acetylation epigenetically following inflammation.
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Review Meta Analysis
Sham Surgery in Orthopedics: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of sham surgery in orthopedics by conducting a systematic review of literature. ⋯ This review suggests that sham surgery has shown to be just as effective as actual surgery in reducing pain and disability; however, care should be taken to generalize findings because of the limited number of studies.