Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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A previous study on shoulder pain mapping showed specific pain patterns for common shoulder disorders. This study aimed to test those patterns for accuracy, modify shoulder pain mapping as needed, and observe their reliability and validity. ⋯ This was a unique and extensive study on shoulder pain mapping. The study concluded that pain mapping could be a useful adjunct to the clinical assessment of patients with shoulder pain and can be used in the primary care setting as well as secondary care and for research.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Oral Abuse Potential, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of Once-Daily, Single-Entity, Extended-Release Hydrocodone (HYD) in Recreational Opioid Users.
A once-daily, extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate tablet with abuse-deterrent properties (Hysingla ER [HYD]) is available for the treatment of chronic pain in appropriate patients. This study evaluated the oral abuse potential and pharmacokinetics (PK) of HYD intact, chewed, or milled to fine particles in comparison with hydrocodone solution or placebo. ⋯ HYD demonstrated reduced oral abuse potential compared with hydrocodone solution in healthy adult, nondependent, recreational opioid users.