Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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Review
Osteoarthritis of Zygapophysial Joints as a Cause of Back Pain and Neck Pain: a Scoping Review.
Zygapophysial joints (Z joints) can be a source of back pain and of neck pain, but the cause of pain is not known. Some authors attribute the pain to osteoarthritis but without citing evidence. ⋯ The published evidence does not support the belief that osteoarthritis causes Z joint pain. All the evidence contradicts this belief.
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To investigate the predictive value of thoracic sympathetic ganglion block (TSGB) in response to ketamine infusion therapy (KIT) and spinal-cord stimulation (SCS) in patients with chronic upper-extremity pain including complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). ⋯ A positive response to TSGB is a potential predictor for positive KIT and SCS outcomes among patients with chronic upper-extremity pain, including CRPS.