Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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Tramadol is one of the most extensively used centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesics. Recently, a number of studies have explored the associations of the CYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism with pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes of tramadol. However, the results of these previous reports remain controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis was needed to reach a consensus. ⋯ CYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism had a significant influence on tramadol pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect, but there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate that this polymorphism was associated with incidence of nausea and vomiting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of Adding Motor Imagery to Early Physical Therapy in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis who Had Received Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
To investigate the effects of the inclusion of motor imagery (MI) principles into early physical therapy on pain, disability, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), and range of motion in the early postsurgical phase after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). ⋯ The application of MI to early physiotherapy was effective for improving pain and disability, but not range of motion or pressure pain sensitivity, in the early postsurgical phase after TKA in people with knee osteoarthritis.
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Electroencephalography During Nociceptive Stimulation in Chronic Pain Patients: A Systematic Review.
With its high temporal resolution, electroencephalography (EEG), a technique that records electrical activity of cortical neuronal cells, is a potentially suitable technique to investigate human somatosensory processing. By using EEG, the processing of (nociceptive) stimuli can be investigated, along with the functionality of the nociceptive pathway. Therefore, it can be applied in chronic pain patients to objectify whether changes have occurred in nociceptive processing. Typically, so-called event-related potential (ERP) recordings are used, where EEG signals are recorded in response to specific stimuli and characterized by latency and amplitude. ⋯ Differences in ERPs with healthy controls can mostly be found in chronic pain populations that suffer from neuropathic pain or where fiber dysfunction is present. In chronic pain populations with other etiological mechanisms, limited differences were found or agreed upon across studies.