Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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To describe a technique for and assess accuracy of ultrasound-guided supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental nerve injections in a cadaveric model. Prior studies have shown that peripheral trigeminal nerve injections can be beneficial for a subgroup of patients for whom surgical treatment is not appropriate. Accurate injection is necessary to limit side effects and improve its efficacy. Ultrasound guidance may improve the accuracy of an injection that is typically performed using a blind technique. ⋯ This cadaveric investigation suggests that ultrasound guidance can be used to inject the peripheral trigeminal nerve with a high degree of accuracy. Clinicians should consider using ultrasound guidance to inject the trigeminal nerve for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
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To evaluate and compare the validity and reliability of individual and composite recall pain intensity measures. ⋯ Individual recall ratings and a composite score representing recalled characteristic pain intensity are reliable and valid measures of actual pain in patients with cancer. The findings support their use as outcome measures in clinical trials.