São Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Contribution to the treatment of nausea and emesis induced by chemotherapy in children and adolescents with osteosarcoma.
Chemotherapy-induced emesis is a limiting factor in treating children with malignancies. Intensive chemotherapy regimens along with emetogenic drug administration have increased the frequency and severity of emesis and nausea. Our study was designed to consider the importance of this problem and the need for improvement in emesis treatment for patients receiving chemotherapy. Our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of the antiemetic drug granisetron and a regimen of metoclopramide plus dimenhydrinate. ⋯ In children and adolescents with osteosarcoma, granisetron was safe and more efficient than metoclopramide plus dimenhydrinate for controlling chemotherapy-induced emesis and nausea.
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Comparative Study
Microvessel density in the placental bed among preeclampsia patients.
Morphological changes in the spiral arteries of the placental bed have been studied in patients with preeclampsia, one of the largest causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The reports show that vasospasm and vascular endothelial injury were two major pathological conditions for preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to investigate the microvessel density of spiral arteries in the placental bed, in pregnancies complicated by hypertension and proteinuria, and in normal pregnancies. ⋯ The presence of high levels of hypertension and proteinuria may be associated with a progressive decrease in microvessel density in the placental bed.
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Hemochromatosis is a common inherited disorder of iron metabolism and one of the most important causes of iron overload. The objective was to analyze the presence of C282Y, H63D and S65C mutations in the HFE gene and HLA-A alleles for a group of Brazilian patients with iron overload, and to correlate genotype with clinical and laboratory variables. ⋯ Analysis of HFE gene mutations constitutes an important procedure in identifying patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, particularly for patients with iron overload.
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Hypertension management and risk prediction based on diastolic blood pressure may be of little value for older people and people with isolated systolic hyper-tension (ISH). This study investigated primary care practice patterns in ISH management in a Nigerian high-risk subpopulation. ⋯ Aggressive ISH management needs to be further emphasized at primary care levels, which for many low-income patients may be the first and last orthodox port of call.
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Overall ratings (ORs) of competence, given by expert physicians, are increasingly used in clinical skills assessments. Nevertheless, the influence of specific components of competence on ORs is incompletely understood. The aim here was to investigate whether ORs for medical student history-taking competence are influenced by performance relating to communication skills, completeness of questioning and asking contentdriven key questions. ⋯ Experts overall ratings for medical student competence regarding history-taking is likely to encompass a particular dimension, since ratings were only weakly influenced by specific components of performance.