São Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina
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Review Meta Analysis
COVID 19 repercussions in ophthalmology: a narrative review.
The new coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and has repercussions within ophthalmological care. It has caused ocular manifestations in some patients, which can spread through eye secretions. ⋯ Knowledge of eye symptoms and ocular transmission of the virus remains incomplete. New clinical trials with larger numbers of patients may answer these questions in the future. Moreover, positively, implementation of innovative changes in medicine such as telemedicine and artificial intelligence may assist in diagnosing eye diseases and in training and education for students.
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Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare genetic disease. Understanding its clinical findings contributes to better management of clinical conditions. ⋯ We found that, in general, patients with TS were being diagnosed late. This has important implications for their treatment. In addition, only a small proportion of the patients were undergoing further examination or evaluation, which appeared to be leading to underdiagnosis of many abnormalities.
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Growth in aging of the population has led to increasing numbers of elderly people presenting cognitive impairment and evolution to dementia. There is still no consensus within primary care on the best strategy for screening for cognitive impairment among elderly people. Standardization of a simple but reasonably accurate instrument for a brief cognitive test, in primary care environments, would enable healthcare professionals to identify individuals who require a more in-depth assessment of cognition. ⋯ The Mini-Mental State Examination was the instrument most cited in these studies. The Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire and the Verbal Fluency Test (semantic category) present characteristics favoring further studies, for testing as screening instruments for cognitive impairment among elderly people in Brazil.
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Leg length discrepancy (LLD) may play a key role in exercise biomechanics. Although the Podoprint platform has been used in dynamic pressure studies, there are no data regarding the reliability and repeatability of dynamic measurements under simulated LLD conditions. ⋯ The results from this study indicate that the Podoprint platform is a reliable system for assessing dynamic parameters under simulated LLD conditions. Future studies should evaluate plantar pressures under LLD conditions, in association with exercise, biomechanics and musculoskeletal disorders.
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The mechanism of exercise limitation in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is not fully understood. The role of hemodynamic alterations is well recognized, but mechanical, ventilatory and gasometric factors may also contribute to reduction of exercise capacity in these individuals. ⋯ The patients with IPAH showed hypocapnia, probably related to their higher respiratory rate with preserved tidal volumes; FVC was reduced and this reduction was positively correlated with cardiac output.