São Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still a headache for clinicians and scientists as a possible reason for increased death among intensive care unit (ICU) patients after invasive cardiac surgery. Furthermore, the diagnostic process for AKI using conventional biomarkers is not sufficient to ensure early warning of this condition because of the morbid influence of non-renal factors that definitively delay the time for the prognosis. These imposed limitations have led to significant amounts of research targeted towards identifying novel biomarkers for AKI with a sustained degree of sensitivity and specificity. Here, we reviewed previous studies conducted on the Klotho, CYR61 and YKL-40 biomarkers in relation to AKI. ⋯ The results regarding the Klotho, CYR61 and YKL-40 biomarkers showed markedly equivocal performance in the previous studies and did not fulfill the expectations that these factors would form valid possible biomarkers for AKI.
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The association of serum triglycerides plus waist circumference seems to be a good marker of cardiovascular risk and has been named the "hypertriglyceridemic waist" phenotype. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and HDL-cholesterol among patients with heart failure. ⋯ The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is significantly associated with lower HDL-cholesterol levels in men with heart failure.
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Review
Targeting stroke risk and improving outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation in Latin America.
To examine stroke risk factors, including atrial fibrillation, management and prevention, and stroke outcomes across Latin America. ⋯ Atrial fibrillation-related stroke carries a heavy burden. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anti-coagulants provide options for reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation-related stroke. However, cost-effectiveness comparisons with warfarin are warranted before observational health-economics study results can be applied clinically. Initiatives to remedy inequalities and improve access to care across Latin America should accompany risk factor modification and guideline-based prevention.
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Multicenter Study
"EMMA Study: a Brazilian community-based cohort study of stroke mortality and morbidity".
Stroke has a high burden of disability and mortality. The aim here was to evaluate epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis for stroke in the EMMA Study (Study of Stroke Mortality and Morbidity). ⋯ Over the long term, the EMMA database will provide additional information for planning resources destined for the public healthcare system.