The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society
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Clinical association studies have identified early-life iron deficiency (ID) as a risk factor for the development of chronic pain. While preclinical studies have shown that early-life ID persistently alters neuronal function in the central nervous system, a causal relationship between early-life ID and chronic pain has yet to be established. We sought to address this gap in knowledge by characterizing pain sensitivity in developing male and female C57Bl/6 mice that were exposed to dietary ID during early life. ⋯ Collectively, these results suggest that early-life ID elicits persistent changes in nociceptive processing and appears capable of priming developing pain pathways. PERSPECTIVE: This study provides novel evidence that early-life ID evokes sex-independent effects on nociception in developing mice, including an exacerbation of postsurgical pain during adulthood. These findings represent a critical first step towards the long-term goal of improving health outcomes for pain patients with a prior history of ID.
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Despite the marked increase in ecological momentary assessment research, few reliable and valid measures of momentary experiences have been established. The goal of this preregistered study was to establish the reliability, validity, and prognostic utility of the momentary Pain Catastrophizing Scale (mPCS), a 3-item measure developed to assess situational pain catastrophizing. Participants in 2 studies of postsurgical pain outcomes completed the mPCS 3 to 5 times per day prior to surgery (N = 494, T = 20,271 total assessments). ⋯ These results show that the mPCS is a reliable and valid tool for ecological momentary assessment research and highlight its potential utility over and above retrospective measures of pain catastrophizing. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents the psychometric properties and prognostic utility of a new measure to assess momentary pain catastrophizing. This brief, 3-item measure will allow researchers and clinicians to assess fluctuations in pain catastrophizing during individuals' daily lives, as well as dynamic relationships between catastrophizing, pain, and related factors.
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Do visual pain trajectories reflect the actual course of low back pain? A longitudinal cohort study.
Different trajectories of low back pain (LBP) have been identified prospectively using repeated measures. For these trajectories to inform clinical practice, they must be available in the clinical consultation. Therefore, identified LBP trajectories have been translated into visual pain trajectories (VPTs) that allow people with LBP, at the time of consult, to reflect upon their pain experience and identify the VPT that best categorizes their pain course. ⋯ Reasons for apparent mismatches between the experienced course of LBP and VPT recall warrant further investigation. PERSPECTIVE: Self-reported back pain trajectories reflected pain intensities obtained through weekly SMS tracking over a year, but participants' recall did not reflect the pain patterns (episodes and fluctuations) discovered prospectively. Clinicians can use self-reported pain trajectories to facilitate a dialog about pain experience, but not as a proxy for prospective measures.
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Shoulder pain is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal condition that frequently leads to suboptimal clinical outcomes. This study tested the extent to which circulating inflammatory biomarkers are associated with reports of shoulder pain and upper-extremity disability for a high-risk genetic by psychological subgroup (catechol-O-methyltransferase [COMT] variation by pain catastrophizing [PCS]). Pain-free adults meeting high-risk COMT × PCS subgroup criteria completed an exercise-induced muscle injury protocol. ⋯ Study findings suggest CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 are related to shoulder pain change for a preclinical high-risk COMT × PCS subgroup. Future studies will translate to clinical shoulder pain and decipher the complex and seemingly pleiotropic interplay between inflammatory biomarkers and shoulder pain change. PERSPECTIVE: In a preclinical high-risk COMT × PCS subgroup, 3 circulating inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, and IL-10) were moderately associated with pain improvement following exercise-induced muscle injury.
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This report provides a systematic review of the literature to analyze the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on analgesia on sensitization measures, in studies with chronic musculoskeletal pain and in studies with acute experimental pain. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020213473). The authors searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature via Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and hand-searched reference lists were also conducted. ⋯ Overall, both types of studies analyzed in this review presented meta-analyses favorable to the use of TENS (compared to placebo TENS), showing reductions in both primary and secondary hyperalgesia, as well as decreases in pain intensity at rest and in motion. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents data from the literature on the effect of TENS through sensitization assessments in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain, or acute experimental pain. These data contribute to knowledge about pain neuroscience research, using TENS technology.