The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society
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This ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study examined the extent of pain intensity variability among 140 individuals with chronic low back pain and explored predictors of such variability and psychosocial and health care utilization outcomes. Individuals completed momentary pain intensity reports (0-10 numeric rating scale) several times daily for two periods of seven consecutive days, one month apart. Participants also completed online questionnaires at baseline which tapped into pain characteristics, pain-related catastrophization, kinesiophobia, activity patterns, and depression and anxiety symptoms. ⋯ Future EMA studies should replicate and extend current findings. PERSPECTIVE: This study provides evidence indicating that there is substantial variability in momentary reports of pain intensity among individuals living with chronic low back pain. However, risk and protective factors for greater lability of pain are elusive as is evidence that greater pain intensity variability results in differential health care utilization.
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Recent studies suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic can serve as a unique psychosocial stressor that can negatively impact individuals with chronic pain. Using a large online sample in the U. S., the present study sought to investigate the impact of the pandemic on the trajectories of pain severity and interference, emotional distress (ie, anxiety and depressive symptoms), and opioid misuse behaviors across one year. ⋯ Nevertheless, interventions that target improvement of pain acceptance may help individuals with chronic pain be resilient during the pandemic. PERSPECTIVE: Individuals with chronic pain overall did not experience significant exacerbation of pain, emotional distress, and opioid misuse across one year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals with higher pain acceptance showed greater improvement in pain severity and depressive symptoms over time during the pandemic.
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The Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) assesses the degree to which chronic pain sufferers perceive injustice in relation to their pain. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence and relevance of the IEQ and its association to perceived recovery and deterioration in a naturalistic pain clinic population. Data was obtained from the Oslo University Hospital's Pain Registry. ⋯ PERSPECTIVE: This article shows that pain-related injustice is both prevalent and relevant in a large naturalistic pain clinic population. Higher levels of injustice were consistently associated with adverse pain outcomes. Injustice could as such be a viable target for treatment of chronic pain, with potential indirect effects on pain and disability.
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Conditioned Pain Modulation in Children: The Effects of Painful and Nonpainful Conditioning Stimuli.
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM), a psychophysical measure in which 1 pain stimulus (conditioning stimulus) is used to inhibit another pain stimulus (test stimulus), is an important indicator of endogenous pain inhibition in adults, but is understudied in children. Preliminary evidence suggests that CPM effects are present in healthy children and are more robust in adolescents. However, developmental differences in younger children are not well documented and few studies control for potential distraction effects of the conditioning stimulus (CS). ⋯ PERSPECTIVE: This study was successful in producing inhibitory CPM effects in physically healthy children while controlling for sensory distraction. The findings provide strong evidence that the obtained CPM responses cannot be attributed to sensory distraction or other nonspecific effects. Future studies could utilize CPM paradigms to study various aspects of pediatric endogenous pain inhibition, in order to better predict pain responses and improve interventions.