Sleep medicine
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Prior research investigating co-occurring insomnia/obstructive sleep apnea (CIO) has mainly focused on comparing comorbid patients, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and insomnia (INS) to those with OSA alone. This approach is informative but omits the potentially interesting comparison of comorbid patients to those with INS alone. Our study used an incomplete factorial design, crossing OSA (present or absent) with INS (present or absent) to more clearly focus on the question, is comorbid INS an epiphenomenon of OSA or an independent disorder? ⋯ The clinical presentation of CIO is indistinguishable from INS alone, both with respect to PSG findings and to self-reported sleep onset and sleep maintenance disturbance. We observed a weak relation between OSA severity and co-occurring INS. These data are consistent with the view that INS with co-occurring OSA is an independent, self-sustaining disorder. We hypothesized that in some unknown proportion of cases, OSA initially instigated the INS, but the INS was then perpetuated and reshaped by sleep concerns and self-defeating compensatory behaviors.
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The impact of sleep-related breathing disorders on the incidence of arterial hypertension (AHT) in the older adults is not well-established. The aim of our study was to test the link between severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the occurrence of hypertension in older subjects after 3 years. ⋯ The presence of severe OSA is associated with new-onset AHT in normotensive elderly (mean age, 68.2 y) subjects.
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We aimed to evaluate frequency and co-occurrence of insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms and potential co-morbidity (complex insomnia). ⋯ Co-occurrence of insomnia and SDB symptoms as well as the rate of potential complex insomnia was common among a moderately large sample of primary care patients without prior evaluations or diagnoses of sleep disorders. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
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Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurologic disorder. Secondary RLS includes pregnancy and iron deficiency. Prevalence of RLS in pregnancy ranges from 11% to 27%. We aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of RLS in pregnancy in a Peruvian population and to evaluate the possible pregnancy or delivery complications due to RLS. ⋯ In our study, RLS was frequent in pregnant Peruvian women, especially in those without prophylactic iron supplementation. RLS patients described more EDS. Preeclampsia was more common in RLS. Our study is the first study to indicate a possible association between RLS and preeclampsia.