Sleep medicine
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Although excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and both EDS and OSA have separately been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), their joint association with CVD risk is unknown. ⋯ Having both EDS and moderate-severe OSA was not associated with an increased risk of CVD in the SHHS data.
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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is being increasingly used in children of all age ranges. The limited number of commercially available masks especially in infants and young children may complicate its use and compliance. ⋯ We could show an objective improvement in breathing parameters in several children selected for CPAP mainly because of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, this interface cannot be used for bilevel non-invasive ventilation due to insufficient triggering.
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between alcohol consumption and risk of sleep apnoea in adults. ⋯ These findings suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with a higher risk of sleep apnoea, further supporting evidence that reducing alcohol intake is of potential therapeutic and preventive value in this condition.
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Up to 50% of overweight/obese children have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared to up to 6% of normal weight children. We compared cardiovascular variables between normal weight and overweight/obese children with and without OSA, and controls. ⋯ This study showed that BMI has both combined and independent effects on BP and HR in children with OSA. We have previously shown that treatment of OSA reduces BP and suggest that treatment of OSA in the growing number of overweight/obese children may improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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This study aimed to determine whether overweight and obesity increased the detrimental effects of pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) on cognition, behavior, mood, and quality of life. ⋯ Overweight and obesity comorbid with SDB increase the risk of externalizing behaviors such as aggression but do not affect other behavioral associates of SDB such as inattention and school functioning.