Paediatric respiratory reviews
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Paediatr Respir Rev · Dec 2012
ReviewThe evolution of exercise capacity and its limiting factors in cystic fibrosis.
The ability to perform exercise is an important determinant of both longevity and quality of life for patients with Cystic Fibrosis. There are a variety of physical and behavioural factors that contribute to exercise limitation. ⋯ However, these factors can also be modified by treatments and interventions. This review discusses the various factors that contribute to exercise limitation in Cystic Fibrosis, and how these change with age.
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Paediatr Respir Rev · Mar 2012
Editorial Historical ArticlePulmonary complications of paediatric systemic disorders.
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Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare, lifelong condition wherein control of breathing is abnormal and patients present with symptoms of alveolar hypoventilation. The severity of hypoventilation varies and although most patients present in the neonatal period, late onset cases have been reported. In 2003, it was discovered that mutations in the PHOX2B gene were responsible for CCHS. ⋯ The goal of treatment for CCHS is to ensure adequate ventilation during wakefulness and sleep. A variety of ventilation modalities are available including positive pressure ventilation via tracheostomy, non-invasive ventilation via nasal mask, and diaphragmatic pacing. With close monitoring and support, children with CCHS can be expected to function well in society and have a good quality of life.
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Paediatr Respir Rev · Dec 2011
ReviewPaediatric interstitial lung disease: classification and definitions.
Classifications of interstitial (diffuse) lung disease in adults and children have undergone significant revision in recent years, with advances in our understanding of new entities and the biology and prognostic significance of certain histologic patterns. The contributions of the European Respiratory Society Task Force on Interstitial Lung Disease in Children and the North American Children's Interstitial Lung Disease Group are reviewed, and a clinicopathologic classification of paediatric diffuse lung disease is summarized. Clinical characteristics and histologic definitions are also presented for selected entities within this classification, specifically, acinar dysgenesis, congenital alveolar dysplasia, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, abnormalities of alveolar growth, pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, surfactant dysfunction disorders, obliterative bronchiolitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and immunologic disorders. More uniform application of this diagnostic terminology in the future will allow more meaningful comparisons of different patient populations, radiologic-pathologic correlation, and development of disease-specific therapeutic strategies.