Clinical calcium
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One of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), tamoxifen, has been widely used for prevention of breast cancer, postoperative adjuvant therapy and treatment of advanced breast cancer. The relation of a long-term administration of tamoxifen and its adverse effects have been extensively investigated. ⋯ Unfavorable effects are: gynecologic problems and the increase in the risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolism. In contrast, another SERM, raloxifene, has reported to have similar favorable adverse effects but no unfavorable effect on endometrium.
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Osteoarthritis that is the most common cartilage disease is difficult to treat conservatively. Usually it is treated by operative therapy. Osteotomy and arthroplasty are the popular operation. ⋯ Some patients need arthroplasty after osteotomy, cause of getting worse of pain. It is difficult to operate arthroplasty for deformity of proximal femor after osteotomy. We report arthroplasty using ROBODOC is easy to operate cementless hip arthroplasty after osteotomy.
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Cardiovascular disease is the largest cause of mortality in hemodialysis patients. Cardiovascular mortality is fivefold to twentyfold higher in hemodialysis patients than in the general population. Atherosclerosis and vascular calcification are the characteristic complications in hemodialysis patients. ⋯ It is indicated that MGP has the inhibitory effect of the calcification of vessel wall. Vitamin E protects atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients. It is also important to control hyperphosphatemia for vascular calcification.