Tierärztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere
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Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere · Apr 1999
[Radiologic examination of the spine in "back problems" of the standing horse].
The radiological examination of the thoracolumbar spine of a horse with a potential back problem is most important in order to come to a diagnosis and the imaging method of choice. The use of parallel grid-cassettes, appropriate films, rare earth screens and aluminium filters requires radiographic equipment with an output of 60-120 kV and 25-90 mAs. ⋯ Since the thickness of soft tissue is increasing from distal to proximal it is necessary to increase the output to image the processus articulares craniales et caudales. Therefore additional radiographs have to be taken.
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Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere · Nov 1998
[Radiologic description of the growth plates of the atlas and axis in foals].
Fractures of the first two cervical vertebrae, atlas and axis, may occur in foals for different reasons, e.g. in cases of a fall, going head over heels or when being hit by a hoof. The tentative clinical diagnosis can be confirmed by x-raying the standing animal, with aid of computed tomography in the anaesthetized foal respectively. The growth plates however, and their time of closure have to be considered when interpreting radiographs. ⋯ They become clearly visible in transversal CT-scans and are ossified at the age of three to four months. At the end of the first year the growth plates between the dens axis and the cranial epiphysis have closed. The cranial and caudal epiphyseal plate are gone at an age of about four to five years.